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This in vitro study exposed porcine endometrial slices from the peri-implantation period (days 15–16 of pregnancy) to 50 Hz ELF-EMF for 2 hours and assessed promoter DNA methylation in selected genes. The authors report increased methylation for EGR2, ID2, and PTGER4, decreased methylation for IL1RAP and NOS3, and no…

This zebrafish study exposed embryos to a 50 Hz magnetic field at 100–800 μT for 1 h or 24 h daily over 5 days. The authors report no changes in hatching, mortality, or malformation rates, but report reduced spontaneous movement at 200 μT along with brain histological abnormalities. They also report increased ROS and…

This laboratory study examined Magnaporthe oryzae pathogenicity under extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure (50 Hz, 3 mT). The authors report increased infection ability, growth rate, and conidia generation with ELF-EMF exposure. They also report increased tolerance to a cell wall-perturbing agent…

This animal study examined effects of a 50 Hz high-voltage electromagnetic field (5.4 kV/m) applied 2 or 4 hours per day for 25 days in albino rats. The authors report decreases in RBC, haemoglobin, and catalase activity, with increases in WBCs, liver enzymes, bilirubin, kidney-related markers, and malondialdehyde…

This rat study examined repeated 50 Hz ELF-EMF exposure (1 or 7 mT) and measured oxidative stress and antioxidant defense markers in the prefrontal cortex, including responses to a subsequent open-field stressor. The authors report intensity- and repetition-dependent effects: 1 mT produced weak changes and was…

This in vitro study exposed blood samples from β-thalassemia major patients and matched healthy donors (n=12 each) to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at 0.5 and 1 mT for 1–2 hours. The authors report that two-hour exposure induced significant oxidative changes in β-thalassemia major samples and examined protein/Hb structural features…

This animal study exposed adult male rats to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at 1, 100, 500, or 2000 μT for 1 hour/day over two months and assessed behavior and brain markers. The authors report increased memory retention (higher step-through latency) alongside increased anxiety-like behavior (reduced open-arm entries), particularly…

This in vitro study exposed adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells to a continuous 50 Hz electromagnetic field at 1.5 mT for 24, 48, or 72 hours and assessed micromolecular changes using FTIR spectroscopy. The authors report the largest FTIR spectral differences versus control in nucleic acids and proteins…

This in vitro study exposed mouse spermatogonial stem cells to 50 Hz EMF (2.5 mT; 1 h/day for 5 days) and assessed oxidative stress and cell health outcomes. The authors report increased ROS and apoptosis with reduced antioxidant (catalase) expression, viability, and colonization after EMF exposure. Sertoli…

This in vitro study exposed AGS human gastric cancer cells to 50 Hz ELF magnetic fields at 0.2 or 2 mT for 18 hours (continuous or intermittent). The authors report reduced cell viability versus control and up-regulation of miR-144 and miR-375 during exposure. They also report miR levels decreased 18 and 36 hours…

This ex vivo animal-tissue study tested whether ELF-EMF exposure (50 or 120 Hz for 2 or 4 hours) alters estrogenic activity in pig myometrium during the peri-implantation period. The authors report EMF-associated changes in estrogen-related gene transcripts and aromatase abundance, with progesterone diminishing some…

This rat study exposed animals to a 50 Hz, 3 mT electromagnetic field and assessed oxidative stress markers and substantia nigra ultrastructure. EMF exposure was associated with higher lipid peroxidation (MDA), lower SOD activity, and TEM-detected changes in nucleus/nuclear membrane and myelin sheath. Vitamin E…

This laboratory study examined whether 50 Hz (ELF) electromagnetic field exposure changes pesticide disappearance rates and molecular functional group signatures in honey bees. EMF altered the disappearance rates of azoxystrobin and λ-cyhalothrin within 6 hours, with different patterns depending on whether pesticides…