Comparative Study of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field, Radiation, and Temozolomide Administration in Spheroid and Monolayer Forms of the Glioblastoma Cell Line (T98).
This in vitro study assessed 50 Hz, 100 G extremely low-frequency EMF in combination with temozolomide and radiation in T98 glioblastoma cells grown as monolayers and spheroids. Radiation plus EMF increased apoptosis-related gene expression, while temozolomide plus EMF increased autophagy marker expression compared with controls. The combination of EMF, temozolomide, and radiation reduced cell cycle and drug resistance gene expression, and the authors report EMF enhanced chemo/radiotherapy efficiency in this model.
Key points
- The study used an ELF-EMF exposure of 50 Hz at 100 G in T98 glioblastoma cell cultures.
- Radiation plus EMF increased apoptosis-related gene expression compared with control in both monolayer and spheroid cultures.
- Temozolomide plus EMF increased autophagy cascade marker gene expression compared with control.
- Apoptosis-related gene expression increases were higher in monolayers than in corresponding spheroid groups.
- Autophagy-related gene expression increases were higher in spheroids than in corresponding monolayer groups.
- Coadministration of EMF, temozolomide, and radiation reduced cell cycle and drug resistance gene expression compared with control.
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AI-generated summaries may be incomplete or incorrect. This content is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice.
AI-generated summaries may be incomplete or incorrect. This content is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice.
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