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This in vitro study tested a 50 Hz, 1.3 mT sinusoidal electromagnetic field applied for 15 or 30 minutes to ARPE-19 retinal pigment epithelial cells and RGC-5 retinal ganglion cells. The authors report improved proliferative and migratory capacity after EMF exposure, alongside increased HO-1 and altered RNA…

This narrative review discusses reported effects of EMF, including low-frequency EMF (LF-EMF), on cell behaviors relevant to wound healing and on recovery processes after traumatic brain injury (TBI). It summarizes literature suggesting EMF can promote migration and proliferation of fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and…

This pilot animal study examined ELF-EMF exposure (0.1 or 1.0 mT, 1 h/day up to 5 weeks) in sedentary adult male C57BL/6 mice, with or without N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) supplementation. The authors report a transient increase in muscle strength after 2 weeks at 1.0 mT, accompanied by higher PAX7 and myosin heavy chain…

This rat study used a head-only 900 MHz GSM exposure system to assess brain activity changes via c-Fos imaging and to test spatial memory performance. Acute exposure (2 h) was associated with dose-dependent, region-specific increases in c-Fos expression, while repeated pre-training exposures were associated with…

This study compared historical occupational RF-EMF exposure estimates from the INTEROCC RF job-exposure matrix (RF-JEM) with recent personal RF-EMF measurements from the OccRF-Health study in two countries. Agreement between the two approaches was poor for both exposure prevalence and 8-hour time-weighted average…

This case study measured magnetic flux density and RF-EMF on electric buses on two routes in Samsun, Turkey, across different driving conditions and times of day. It reports route- and condition-dependent variability in magnetic fields, with braking associated with higher readings on one route, and lower overall…

This study examined prokaryotic DNA methylation (6mA and 4mC) and transcriptomes under different intensities of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure. It reports motif-specific 6mA at 5'-GTACAG-3' and ELF-EMF-intensity-associated changes in spatial relationships among other 6mA sites,…

This qualitative exploratory study examined affective reactions and perceived RF-EMF exposure in everyday mobile phone and base-station situations in the context of the 5G rollout in Germany. Participants expressed more negative associations with base stations than with mobile phones, though RF-EMF exposure was only…

This study measured RF electric field exposure around BTS antennas in Sabzevar, Iran across multiple times and distances, and assessed residents' sleep quality. E-field levels varied by time, distance, and suburban versus downtown location, while microenvironment differences were not significant. Sleep quality…

This experimental study tested whether a bilaterally applied temporal-lobe electromagnetic field modeled from physiological data could increase flow-related measures during a Snake video game task. In 39 adults, EMF-active trials were associated with decreased beta 1 (12–16 Hz) activity in several left-hemisphere…

This in vitro study tested a specific extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on three human osteosarcoma cell lines grown in 2D and 3D spheroid models. The abstract reports that ELF-EMF exposure inhibited proliferation and altered mitochondrial metabolism in the cancer models. It also reports…

This exposure assessment measured in situ smartphone uplink duty cycles for 4G LTE and 5G NR across six voice, video, and data use cases. Measurements were taken at ten positions near a 4G and 5G base-station site in Belgium. Reported duty cycles varied by application, with some use cases showing low-to-moderate duty…

This in vitro study exposed three ccRCC cell lines and a healthy kidney cell line (HEK293) to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at 4.5 mT for 30 minutes daily over 5 days. The authors report exposure-associated changes in expression of several genes (names not fully visible in the abstract), with differences between primary…