Immunohistochemical, Biochemical and Genetic Evaluation of the Effects of Ginseng Administration on Blood–Brain Barrier in Rats Exposed to 2100 MHz and 2450 MHz Electromagnetic Radiation
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Feb 27, 2026
This rat study examined effects of 2100 MHz and 2450 MHz EMF exposure on the bloodbrain barrier-related brain outcomes and whether ginseng modifies these effects. EMF exposure (1 h/day for 30 days) was reported to induce apoptosis in brain tissue, with decreased COX-2 gene expression and increased BAX protein.…
Two pathogenetic intronic variants in SPG4/SPAST and expansion of the clinical presentation.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This study functionally characterizes two rare intronic SPAST (SPG4) variants found in two independent families (Brazilian and Japanese). The authors report that both variants affect splicing and provide segregation and clinical descriptions of affected individuals. They also report co-segregation of symptoms…
Effect of ELF-EMF on cognitive functions, analgesia, and oxidative stress in rats with PTZ-induced epilepsy.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This animal study tested repeated 50 Hz, 5 mT ELF-EMF exposure in rats with and without PTZ-induced epilepsy. The authors report changes in learning/short-term memory in the EMF+PTZ group versus PTZ alone and increased analgesia latency in EMF-exposed groups. PTZ increased oxidative stress (TOS) in brain regions, and…
Electromagnetic field stimulation for long-term mobility assessment after sciatic nerve injury.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This animal study evaluated electromagnetic field (EMF) stimulation as a treatment after sciatic nerve injury in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats received low-intensity (60–100 G; 6–10 mT) or high-intensity (140–200 G; 14–20 mT) EMF exposure for 2 hours/day over 4 weeks. The abstract reports improved motor/mobility…
Investigation of the neuroprotective effect of crocin against electromagnetic field-induced cerebellar damage in male Balb/c mice.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2024
This animal study exposed male Balb/c mice to 2100 MHz EMF for 120 minutes/day over 30 days and assessed cerebellar cortex outcomes. EMF exposure was associated with reduced astrocyte diameter and increased GFAP expression, while Purkinje cell size was not significantly changed. Crocin (50 mg/kg) given with EMF…
Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Stimulation (ELF-EMS) Improves Neurological Outcome and Reduces Microglial Reactivity in a Rodent Model of Global Transient Stroke.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This animal and laboratory study evaluated extremely low-frequency electromagnetic stimulation (ELF-EMS) in a rodent ischemia-reperfusion stroke model and related in vitro/slice experiments. The authors report improved neurological and behavioral outcomes, increased neuronal survival, and reduced glial/microglial…
EMAGINE-Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial for determining the efficacy of a frequency tuned electromagnetic field treatment in facilitating recovery within the subacute phase following ischemic stroke.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This paper presents the protocol for the EMAGINE multicenter, double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial testing an extremely low-frequency, low-intensity, frequency-tuned electromagnetic field therapy (ENTF) after subacute ischemic stroke. Participants will start active or sham treatment 4–21 days post-stroke,…
PIXE analysis of iron in rabbit cerebellum after exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This animal study assessed iron in rabbit cerebellum after exposure to real GSM and generated RF electromagnetic fields using ICP MS and PIXE. ICP MS found no significant differences in overall iron concentration between exposed and control groups. PIXE reported focal iron accumulation up to about 3 mm, with the…
Treatment with Pulsed Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field (PELF-EMF) Exhibit Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Effect in Compression Spinal Cord Injury Model.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This animal study tested a pulsed extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (PELF-EMF) SEQEX device in a mouse compression spinal cord injury model. Mice received 4 hours of daily exposure for two months starting 2 hours after injury. The study reports reduced inflammatory and astrocyte activation markers,…
Evaluation of the neuroprotective effects of Vitamin E on the rat substantia nigra neural cells exposed to electromagnetic field: An ultrastructural study.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This rat study exposed animals to a 50 Hz, 3 mT electromagnetic field and assessed oxidative stress markers and substantia nigra ultrastructure. EMF exposure was associated with higher lipid peroxidation (MDA), lower SOD activity, and TEM-detected changes in nucleus/nuclear membrane and myelin sheath. Vitamin E…
Hypothesis: Bacteria benefiting from electromagnetic field in peripheral neuropathy.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This article presents a hypothesis that persistent microbiota may exist in the host nervous system and that some bacteria can benefit from electromagnetic fields. The authors suggest such colonization could weaken nerve signals and propose that EMF sensitivity might enable electromagnetic modulation of bacterial…
Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field reduces oxidative stress during the rehabilitation of post-acute stroke patients.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This study evaluated ELF-EMF magnetotherapy as an adjunct to post-acute ischemic stroke rehabilitation in 57 patients, comparing those who received ELF-EMF therapy with those who did not. The authors report that oxidative stress markers (TBARS, thiol, and carbonyl groups) decreased more in the ELF-EMF group than in…
Effect of Microwave Wi-Fi Radiation at Frequency of 2.4 GHz on Epileptic Behavior of Rats.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This animal study exposed rats to 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi radiation for 2 hours at 30 cm from a commercial router and assessed PTZ-induced convulsive behavior. The Wi-Fi "on" PTZ group showed significant differences in seizure event counts and summed severity scores versus comparison groups, while several timing and duration…
Effect of 900-MHz Electromagnetic Field on the Cerebellum: A Histopathological Investigation.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This animal study evaluated histopathological effects of 900-MHz RF-EMF exposure on the rat cerebellum. The exposed group showed intense caspase-3 expression in Purkinje and granular cells and histological changes consistent with apoptosis. Cerebellar layer thickness appeared reduced in exposed animals, although…
Effects of 1950 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on Aβ processing in human neuroblastoma and mouse hippocampal neuronal cells.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study exposed HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells and SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells to 1950 MHz RF-EMF at SAR 6 W/kg for 2 hours per day over 3 days. RF-EMF exposure reduced mRNA levels of several Aβ-processing genes in HT22 cells, but did not change APP mRNA in SH-SY5Y cells. Protein levels of…
Iron deposition in rabbit cerebellum after exposure to generated and mobile GSM electromagnetic fields.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This animal study examined iron distribution in rabbit cerebellum after exposure to RF electromagnetic fields, using light and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive microanalysis. The authors report dystrophic changes in Purkinje cells in irradiated groups and deposits containing multiple elements…
Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) reduces oxidative stress and improves functional and psychological status in ischemic stroke patients.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This clinical study evaluated whether adding ELF-EMF exposure to a 4-week rehabilitation program affects antioxidant and clinical status in ischemic stroke patients. Fifty-seven patients were assigned to an ELF-EMF group or a non-ELF-EMF group, with the exposed group receiving 40 Hz, 7 mT for 15 minutes per day over…
The influence of prenatal 10 GHz microwave radiation exposure on a developing mice brain.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This animal study examined prenatal exposure to 10 GHz microwave radiation starting at gestation day 0.25 or 11.25 until term. At 3 weeks of age, offspring from exposed pregnancies showed reduced brain and body weight and biochemical changes consistent with oxidative stress compared with sham controls. The authors…
Effects of microwave radiation on brain energy metabolism and related mechanisms
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Feb 17, 2015
This paper is a narrative review of microwave radiation and brain energy metabolism. The abstract frames the brain as a sensitive target organ and highlights mitochondrial injury and energy metabolism disorders as important in microwave radiation-induced brain damage. It aims to summarize biological effects, brain…
Electromagnetic radiation (Wi-Fi) and epilepsy induce calcium entry and apoptosis through activation of TRPV1 channel in hippocampus and dorsal root ganglion of rats
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This animal study examined 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi exposure in a PTZ-induced epilepsy rat model using freshly isolated hippocampal and DRG neurons. The authors report that epilepsy increased Ca(2+) influx, oxidative stress markers, and apoptosis-related outcomes, and that Wi-Fi exposure produced additional increases in…