Exercise ameliorates hippocampal damage induced by Wi-Fi radiation; a biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical study

Abstract

Exercise ameliorates hippocampal damage induced by Wi-Fi radiation; a biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical study Mohamed AO, Hafez SMNA, Ibrahim RA, Rifaai RA. Exercise ameliorates hippocampal damage induced by Wi-Fi radiation; a biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical study. J Chem Neuroanat. 2023 Feb 14:102252. doi: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102252. Highlights • The use of electromagnetic devices has now increased. Additionally, using the wireless devices has an impact on human health. • Physical activity is a good non-pharmacological strategy that protect against the adverse effects of electromagnetic waves • This study investigates the protective effect of exercise on the hippocampal damage induced by waves of the Wi-Fi devices • It preserves hippocampal structure, enhances neurogenesis and reduces oxidative stress induced by waves of the Wi-Fi devices. • This provides an insight on the importance of exercise in prevention of many health problems including mental health. Abstract Introduction: Nowadays, using electromagnetic devices (EMD) has been increased. However, the control of EMD hazards was poorly evaluated, especially those affected the hippocampus. Regular physical exercises are safe, easily, inexpensive and acceptable for long-term use. It is reported that exercise protects against many health problems. Aim: is to investigate the hypothesis of the possible prophylactic effect of exercise on the hippocampal damage induced by electromagnetic waves of Wi-Fi. Material and methods: Adult male albino rats were divided into four groups: group I (control), group II (exercise), group III (Wi-Fi), and group IV (exercise -Wi-Fi). Hippocampi were subjected to biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical techniques. Results: In group III, a significant increase in the oxidative enzymes as well as decrease in antioxidant enzymes were detected in rat hippocampus. Additionally, the hippocampus showed degenerated pyramidal and granular neurons. An evident decrease in both PCNA and ZO-1 immunoreactivity was also noticed. In group IV, physical exercise alleviates the effect of Wi-Fi on previously mentioned parameters. Conclusion: Regular physical exercise performance significantly minimizes the hippocampal damage and protects against the hazarders of chronic Wi-Fi radiation exposure. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Excerpts Wi-Fi device (802–16e 2005- WiMAX- Indoor CPE -antenna, model number: WIXFMM-130, China) with a frequency of 2.45 -GHz. Duration of radiation was 2 h per day in a 30-cm distance from antenna to the cages (Mahmoudi et al., 2018). Animals of the exposed groups were exposed to Wi-Fi radiation from the 2nd week of the experiment for 2 h per day per week for 6 weeks, while the control and exercised groups were isolated in a separate room away from any source of radiation.... Regular exercise has three potential pathways that can help to reduce the risk associated with Wi-Fi radiation exposure. It could lower ROS levels and increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes. It also could enhance neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus which could compensate the degenerated cells resulting from EMR exposure. More-over it plays an important role in neuronal communication and survival. Taken together, it could be concluded that physical exercise attenuates the effect of EMF exposure on the hippocampus through different mechanisms. It reduces oxidative stress, preserves neuronal structure, maintains BBB and synaptic integrity and enhances neurogenesis. Further investigations on the prophylactic effect of exercise against EMR on different organs and at different time point using different spectrum is recommended. Also, further research about using antioxidant agents with exercise to augment the protective effect against hazards of Wi-Fi radiation is also recommended.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Compared with control, the Wi-Fi-exposed group showed increased oxidative enzymes, decreased antioxidant enzymes, degenerated pyramidal and granular neurons, and decreased PCNA and ZO-1 immunoreactivity in the hippocampus. The exercise+Wi-Fi group showed alleviation of these Wi-Fi-associated changes.

Outcomes measured

• Hippocampal oxidative enzymes
• Hippocampal antioxidant enzymes
• Histological changes in hippocampal pyramidal and granular neurons (degeneration)
• PCNA immunoreactivity
• ZO-1 immunoreactivity
• Neurogenesis (dentate gyrus; mentioned in excerpts)
• BBB and synaptic integrity (mentioned in excerpts)

Limitations

• No sample size reported in provided text
• No SAR or dosimetry metrics reported beyond frequency, distance, and exposure schedule
• Animal study; human health implications not directly tested

Suggested hubs

• school-wi-fi (0.55)
  Study investigates biological effects of Wi‑Fi (2.45 GHz) exposure, relevant to Wi‑Fi exposure discussions.

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        "band": "RF",
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        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "2 h/day for 6 weeks (exposure started from 2nd week); 30 cm distance from antenna to cages"
    },
    "population": "Adult male albino rats",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Hippocampal oxidative enzymes",
        "Hippocampal antioxidant enzymes",
        "Histological changes in hippocampal pyramidal and granular neurons (degeneration)",
        "PCNA immunoreactivity",
        "ZO-1 immunoreactivity",
        "Neurogenesis (dentate gyrus; mentioned in excerpts)",
        "BBB and synaptic integrity (mentioned in excerpts)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Compared with control, the Wi-Fi-exposed group showed increased oxidative enzymes, decreased antioxidant enzymes, degenerated pyramidal and granular neurons, and decreased PCNA and ZO-1 immunoreactivity in the hippocampus. The exercise+Wi-Fi group showed alleviation of these Wi-Fi-associated changes.",
    "effect_direction": "mixed",
    "limitations": [
        "No sample size reported in provided text",
        "No SAR or dosimetry metrics reported beyond frequency, distance, and exposure schedule",
        "Animal study; human health implications not directly tested"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
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        "hippocampus",
        "oxidative stress",
        "antioxidant enzymes",
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        "immunohistochemistry",
        "PCNA",
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