Ashwagandha Diminishes Hippocampal Apoptosis Induced by Wi-Fi Radiation in Male Quails

Abstract

Ashwagandha Diminishes Hippocampal Apoptosis Induced by Wi-Fi Radiation in Male Quails Gupta V, Srivastava R. Ashwagandha Diminishes Hippocampal Apoptosis Induced by Microwave Radiation by Acetylcholinesterase Dependent Neuro-Inflammatory Pathway in Male Coturnix coturnix Japonica. Neurochem Res. 2024 Mar 20. doi: 10.1007/s11064-024-04127-7. Abstract Microwave radiation (MWR) has been linked to neurodegeneration by inducing oxidative stress in the hippocampus of brain responsible for learning and memory. Ashwagandha (ASW), a medicinal plant is known to prevent neurodegeneration and promote neuronal health. This study investigated the effects of MWR and ASW on oxidative stress and cholinergic imbalance in the hippocampus of adult male Japanese quail. One control group received no treatment, the second group quails were exposed to MWR at 2 h/day for 30 days, third was administered with ASW root extract orally 100 mg/day/kg body weight and the fourth was exposed to MWR and also treated with ASW. The results showed that MWR increased serum corticosterone levels, disrupted cholinergic balance and induced neuro-inflammation. This neuro-inflammation further led to oxidative stress, as evidenced by decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and GSH. MWR also caused a significant decline in the nissil substances in the hippocampus region of brain indicating neurodegeneration through oxidative stress mediated hippocampal apoptosis. ASW, on the other hand, was able to effectively enhance the cholinergic balance and subsequently lower inflammation in hippocampus neurons. This suggests that ASW can protect against the neurodegenerative effects of MWR. ASW also reduced excessive ROS production by increasing the activity of ROS-scavenging enzymes. Additionally, ASW prevented neurodegeneration through decreased expression of caspase-3 and caspase-7 in hippocampus, thus promoting neuronal health. In conclusion, this study showed that MWR induces apoptosis and oxidative stress in the brain, while ASW reduces excessive ROS production, prevents neurodegeneration and promotes neuronal health. Excerpt Birds were exposed to 2.45 GHz of MW irradiation using Ruckus R310 Wi-fi router with maximum transmission strength of 25dbm at the middle of the cage. Average power density obtained within each partition of cage was found to be 0.1264 mw/cm2 and overall specific absorption rate (SAR) obtained per bird was determined to be 0.9978 W/Kg. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Quails exposed to 2.45 GHz Wi‑Fi microwave radiation (2 h/day for 30 days) showed increased serum corticosterone, disrupted cholinergic balance, neuro-inflammation, reduced antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT, GSH), and evidence consistent with oxidative-stress–mediated hippocampal apoptosis and neurodegeneration. Ashwagandha root extract (100 mg/day/kg orally) in the co-exposure group was reported to improve cholinergic balance, reduce inflammation and ROS, increase ROS-scavenging enzyme activity, and decrease caspase-3 and caspase-7 expression compared with radiation exposure alone.

Outcomes measured

• Serum corticosterone levels
• Cholinergic balance/acetylcholinesterase-related measures (cholinergic imbalance)
• Neuro-inflammation in hippocampus neurons
• Oxidative stress markers/antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT, GSH)
• Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production
• Neurodegeneration indicators (Nissl substances decline)
• Hippocampal apoptosis
• Caspase-3 expression
• Caspase-7 expression

Limitations

• Sample size not reported in provided text
• No quantitative statistics or effect sizes provided in the abstract/excerpt
• Exposure characterization beyond frequency, power density, and SAR is not detailed in the provided text

Suggested hubs

• school-wi-fi (0.55)
  Uses Wi‑Fi router (2.45 GHz) as the exposure source; relevant to Wi‑Fi exposure discussions.

{
    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "microwave",
        "source": "wi-fi",
        "frequency_mhz": 2450,
        "sar_wkg": 0.9978000000000000202504679691628552973270416259765625,
        "duration": "2 h/day for 30 days"
    },
    "population": "Adult male Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Serum corticosterone levels",
        "Cholinergic balance/acetylcholinesterase-related measures (cholinergic imbalance)",
        "Neuro-inflammation in hippocampus neurons",
        "Oxidative stress markers/antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT, GSH)",
        "Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production",
        "Neurodegeneration indicators (Nissl substances decline)",
        "Hippocampal apoptosis",
        "Caspase-3 expression",
        "Caspase-7 expression"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Quails exposed to 2.45 GHz Wi‑Fi microwave radiation (2 h/day for 30 days) showed increased serum corticosterone, disrupted cholinergic balance, neuro-inflammation, reduced antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT, GSH), and evidence consistent with oxidative-stress–mediated hippocampal apoptosis and neurodegeneration. Ashwagandha root extract (100 mg/day/kg orally) in the co-exposure group was reported to improve cholinergic balance, reduce inflammation and ROS, increase ROS-scavenging enzyme activity, and decrease caspase-3 and caspase-7 expression compared with radiation exposure alone.",
    "effect_direction": "mixed",
    "limitations": [
        "Sample size not reported in provided text",
        "No quantitative statistics or effect sizes provided in the abstract/excerpt",
        "Exposure characterization beyond frequency, power density, and SAR is not detailed in the provided text"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "Wi-Fi",
        "microwave radiation",
        "2.45 GHz",
        "Japanese quail",
        "hippocampus",
        "oxidative stress",
        "neuro-inflammation",
        "apoptosis",
        "caspase-3",
        "caspase-7",
        "SOD",
        "CAT",
        "GSH",
        "corticosterone",
        "Ashwagandha",
        "Withania somnifera",
        "SAR",
        "power density"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
        {
            "slug": "school-wi-fi",
            "weight": 0.5500000000000000444089209850062616169452667236328125,
            "reason": "Uses Wi‑Fi router (2.45 GHz) as the exposure source; relevant to Wi‑Fi exposure discussions."
        }
    ]
}

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