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This in vitro study exposed HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cells to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at 0.4 or 0.8 mT for 9 or 18 hours under continuous or discontinuous conditions. The authors report significant changes in miR-21, miR-141, miR-135, and miR-138 expression and increased apoptosis and necrosis measured by flow cytometry.…

This in vitro study tested whether extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (50 Hz, 20 mT) enhance docetaxel effects in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The authors report that combining ELF-EMF with docetaxel produced a similar reduction in cell viability at a lower docetaxel concentration than docetaxel alone,…

This in vitro study examined whether extremely low frequency EMF exposure alters responses of TNF-α-stimulated human microglial cells (HMC3). Cells exposed to 2.5 or 5 Hz EMF for 3 minutes showed increased survival under high TNF-α conditions and reduced migration compared with TNF-α treatment alone. EMF also…

This in vitro study examined extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) effects on spinal cord-derived neural stem cells (NSCs) from adult mice. The authors report that ELF-EMFs increase NSC proliferation and self-renewal with upregulation of Sox2. They also report activation of T-type calcium channels,…

This in vitro study examined ELF-EMF effects in normal cybrids and NARP cybrids carrying a pathogenic MT-ATP6 mtDNA mutation mixture. ELF-EMF did not alter mtDNA copy number or the wild-type-to-mutant mtDNA ratio, but it increased mtDNA transcription and multiple markers of mitochondrial function in NARP cybrids,…

This study examined prokaryotic DNA methylation (6mA and 4mC) and transcriptomes under different intensities of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure. It reports motif-specific 6mA at 5'-GTACAG-3' and ELF-EMF-intensity-associated changes in spatial relationships among other 6mA sites,…

This in vitro study tested a specific extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on three human osteosarcoma cell lines grown in 2D and 3D spheroid models. The abstract reports that ELF-EMF exposure inhibited proliferation and altered mitochondrial metabolism in the cancer models. It also reports…

This randomized animal study evaluated whether recombinant murine EGF combined with ELF-EMF improves wound healing in rats. The combined ELF-EMF+rmEGF group showed better wound healing rates and more favorable histological features than comparison groups at multiple time points. All groups had complete wound closure…

This in vitro study tested whether ELF-EMF exposure (50 Hz, 1 mT; 30 min/day) influences osteogenic differentiation markers in rat bone-marrow-derived stem cells cultured in osteogenic medium or in human adipose-stem cell-conditioned medium. The OM + EMF condition showed higher ALP activity and higher Runx2 and Ocn…

This double-blinded crossover study tested an ELF-EMF mattress used immediately after high-intensity cycling and overnight in nine trained male athletes. The authors report no significant overall effects on performance and inflammation. However, between 60 minutes and 24 hours post-exercise, the active condition…

This in vitro study tested ELF-EMF exposure in U87 and U251 glioblastoma cell lines and assessed apoptosis, cell-cycle distribution, cell size, and mRNA expression of cell-cycle genes. The authors report higher apoptosis induction and increased G2/M arrest in U87 compared with U251, alongside increased U87 cell size…

This in vitro study tested whether a 50 Hz, 20 mT extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) enhances the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin (DOX) in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. The authors report that combining ELF-EMF with low-dose DOX reduced cell viability at lower DOX concentrations than DOX…