Cites studies reporting both stimulation and inhibition of fungal growth under different electromagnetic …

These studies look at how EMF influences mold. Promoting or inhibiting mold growth depending on frequency and environment. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36354954/ "Enhancement of Fungal Enzyme Production by Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields" "The RF-EMF perfectly resonated at 2 GHz with directivity radiation pattern and peak gain of 0.5 dB (0.01 Watt). Total protein concentration and activity of α-amylase measured in media were about 1.5-3-fold higher in the RF-EMF exposed (10 min) sample than control (no RF-EMF) during incubation (the highest increase after 16 h). The level of α-amylase mRNA in cells was approximately 2-8-fold increased 16 and 24 h after RF-EMF exposure for 10 min. An increase in vesicle accumulation within fungal hyphae and the transcription of some genes involved in protein cellular trafficking was observed in RF-EMF-exposed samples. Membrane potential was not changed, but the intracellular Ca2+ level was elevated after RF-EMF exposure. Our results suggest that RF-EMF can increase the extracellular level of fungal total proteins and α-amylase activity and the intracellular level of Ca2+." https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/24/11508 "The Effect of Exposure to an Electromagnetic Field on Entomopathogenic Fungi" "Exposure to the 900 MHz frequency stimulated the growth of the mycelium and the pathogenicity of the entomopathogenic fungi, whereas the 1800 MHz electromagnetic field inhibited sporulation and spore germination" https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969723005545 "Effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field on the pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae" "The pathogenicity of M. oryzae were enhanced under ELF-EMF exposure. •The level of ROS increased in ELF-EMF-exposed M. oryzae. •Cell wall integrity of M. oryzae were enhanced under ELF-EMF exposure. •The infection cycle was shortened under ELF-EMF exposure.* https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1567539419304104 "Effect of static magnetic field on mold corrosion of printed circuit boards" "In the absence of a magnetic field, mold formed a spore-centered corrosion pit group on the surface of the PCB-Cu, which was macroscopically characterized by regional uniform corrosion. When a 10 mT SMF was applied, the magnetic field exhibited an inhibitory effect on the growth of mold, which was hindered, and the corrosion of the PCB-Cu surface slowed down." "Previous studies have shown that the theory of the influence of EMFs on living organisms is based on the effect of magnetic fields on the permeability of ion channels in biofilms [12]. On this basis, the magnetic field can affect the entry and exit of ions inside and outside the cell, and thus, generate some biological changes, having effects on, for example, enzyme and protein activity [13], carbohydrate metabolism [[14], [15], [16], [17], [18]], and genetics [18]. Among them, the action of a static magnetic field (SMF) is explained by the ion quantum state interference, cytoplasmic membrane, and free radical theories [19]. The effect of moderate-intensity SMFs (1 mT to 1 T) on biological systems is related to the nature of the membrane molecular structure (i.e., diamagnetic anisotropy). The general mechanism by which these SMFs act on biological systems is derived on the basis of their effect on the molecular structure of the excitable membrane, which is sufficient to alter the function of the embedded ion-specific channels [19,20]. Whether the magnetic field promotes or inhibits the growth of microorganisms is affected by many factors, such as the strength, application mode, and direction of the magnetic field and the experimental environment. For example, a pulsed magnetic field can utilize its high frequency characteristics to cause microbes in the magnetic field to generate high frequency thermal effects and high induced currents, thus leading to cell death. At the same time, the change in the frequency and intensity of the magnetic field will cause an oscillating effect on the cell membrane, causing the cell membrane to rupture and the microbial extinction [[21], [22], [23], [24]]. Mengxiang Gao et al. studied the metabolic kinetics of Aspergillus niger by aligning two metabolites (citric acid and cellulase) under extremely low frequency micromagnetic fields [24]. The activity of the two metabolites increased immediately after switching on the magnetic field of B = 1 mT and f = 50 Hz, but the experiment of Gao did not solve the problem of how the magnetic field can promote growth. However, for mold in a liquid medium under a high-intensity magnetic field environment, the higher the magnetic induction intensity is, the lower the mold survival rate. These different phenomenological descriptions complicate the interpretation of the potential mechanisms of magnetic fields on biological systems." +++ These effects might happen in people, plants, animals, buildings.