Discusses older research on weak electromagnetic fields, calcium signaling and immune-cell activity. Rais…

This is to submit this series of article in the New Yorker called "Annals of Radiation" I will paste an excerpt here from the second article and a link https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1989/06/19/the-hazards-of-electromagnetic-fields-ii-something-is-happening excerpt: Meanwhile, Adey was pushing on with research aimed at finding out how weak electromagnetic fields might trigger amplified changes in brain chemistry. Since his earlier work with Leonard K. Kaczmarek, a biochemist, on calcium ions had suggested that highly non-linear effects must be involved—effects that would allow large releases of chemical energy to be triggered by tiny stimuli—he now proposed a three-stage model based upon the amplification of weak cell-surface events. In the first stage, the cell membrane senses the arrival of a weak field and reacts to it by initiating, in domino fashion, a release of calcium bound to the protein strands that protrude from the membrane surface. (Because of the domino effect, the energy released by the altered calcium binding is far greater than that of the initiating chemical or electric triggers.) In the second stage, this released energy is transmitted, in the form of signals that travel along the protein strands, to the interior of the cell. In the third stage, the cell interior reacts to the arriving signal by stimulating or inhibiting intracellular enzymes—protein molecules that act as chemical catalysts. During 1981 and 1982, Adey and Daniel B. Lyle, a research immunologist at the University of California, Riverside, together with two associates, demonstrated that the PAVE PAWS carrier frequency of 450 MHz modulated at the electrical-distribution-system frequency of sixty hertz could significantly suppress the ability of cultured T-lymphocyte cells from mice to kill cultured cancer cells; and when the four researchers published their findings in the journal Bioelectromagnetics, in 1983, they noted that progressively smaller suppression occurred when the microwave radiation was modulated at forty, sixteen, and three hertz. These findings had possibly serious implications, of course—not only for the tens of thousands of people living close to PAVE PAWS but also for the tens of millions of people living in the vicinity of power lines and electrical-distribution wires. Indeed, when Lyle later repeated the study, using simulated sixty-hertz high-voltage power-line fields, he again observed a large suppression of the killing capacity of T-lymphocyte cells—a chilling finding in the context of the 1979 study by the epidemiologist Nancy Wertheimer and the physicist Ed Leeper which found an increased incidence of cancer in children in the Greater Denver area who had been exposed to low-level magnetic fields from high-current electrical-distribution wires. The results of a study that was performed in 1983 by Craig V. Byus, an assistant professor of biomedical sciences and biochemistry in the Department of Biochemistry of the University of California, Riverside, together with Adey and two researchers from Byus’s department, gave cause for further concern about the future well-being of the inhabitants of Upper Cape Cod. Byus and his colleagues exposed cultures of human-tonsil lymphocytes for periods of up to sixty minutes to low level 450 MHz radiation modulated at ELF frequencies ranging from three to a hundred hertz. They found that the activity of certain protein-kinase enzymes within the lymphocyte cells was sharply reduced when the microwave field was modulated at certain frequencies between sixteen and sixty hertz. Because the effect upon the activity of the protein kinase was transient, Byus and Adey were cautious in their assessment of it when they and their associates published their findings, in Bioelectromagnetics, in 1984. They warned, however, that their observations regarding the effects of ELF-modulated radiation on human-tonsil lymphocytes, together with the findings of the earlier mouse-lymphocyte study, required additional and careful assessment. On August 18, 1984, the Cape Cod Times published a front-page article about the final results of Guy and Chou’s study. It started out by saying, “A five-year study on the long-term effects of low levels of microwave radiation has sparked a new debate over the safety of the Air Force’s PAVE PAWS microwave radar station in Bourne.” The article went on to quote Ruth Hubbard, the Harvard biology professor whose affidavit warning of the dangers of PAVE PAWS radiation had been dismissed as irrelevant five years earlier by Federal District Judge Tauro.<snip>