Influence of Super-Low-Intensity Microwave Radiation on Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Abstract

Influence of Super-Low-Intensity Microwave Radiation on Mesenchymal Stem Cells Artamonov MY, Pyatakovich FA, Minenko IA. Influence of Super-Low-Intensity Microwave Radiation on Mesenchymal Stem Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(4):1705. doi.org Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising tool for regenerative medicine due to their multipotency and immunomodulatory properties. According to recent research, exposing MSCs to super-low-intensity microwave radiation can have a significant impact on how they behave and operate. This review provides an overview of the most recent studies on the effects of microwave radiation on MSCs with power densities that are much below thermal values. Studies repeatedly show that non- thermal mechanisms affecting calcium signaling, membrane transport, mitochondrial activity, along ion channel activation may increase MSC proliferation, differentiation along mesodermal lineages, paracrine factor secretion, and immunomodulatory capabilities during brief, regulated microwave exposures. These bioeffects greatly enhance MSC regeneration capability in preclinical models of myocardial infarction, osteoarthritis, brain damage, and other diseases. Additional study to understand microwave treatment settings, biological processes, and safety assessments will aid in the translation of this unique, non-invasive strategy of activating MSCs with microwave radiation to improve cell engraftment, survival, and tissue healing results. Microwave-enhanced MSC treatment, if shown safe and successful, might have broad relevance as a novel cell-based approach for a variety of regenerative medicine applications. Open access paper: mdpi.com

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

This review summarizes studies reporting that super-low-intensity (non-thermal) microwave radiation exposures can modulate MSC-related mechanisms (e.g., calcium signaling, membrane transport, mitochondrial activity, ion channel activation) and may increase MSC proliferation, mesodermal differentiation, paracrine secretion, and immunomodulatory capabilities during brief, regulated exposures. The review states these effects are associated with enhanced MSC regenerative capability in preclinical models (e.g., myocardial infarction, osteoarthritis, brain damage), while noting further work is needed on exposure settings, mechanisms, and safety.

Outcomes measured

• MSC behavior/function
• Calcium signaling
• Membrane transport
• Mitochondrial activity
• Ion channel activation
• Cell proliferation
• Differentiation along mesodermal lineages
• Paracrine factor secretion
• Immunomodulatory capabilities
• Regeneration outcomes in preclinical disease models (e.g., myocardial infarction, osteoarthritis, brain damage)
• Safety assessments (not reported; noted as needed)

Limitations

• Narrative review; no primary data presented in abstract
• Exposure parameters (frequency, power density values, SAR, duration details) not specified in abstract
• Safety assessment not established; described as needing additional study
• Findings referenced largely in preclinical models; clinical translation uncertain

{
    "study_type": "review",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "microwave",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "brief, regulated microwave exposures (not further specified)"
    },
    "population": "Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "MSC behavior/function",
        "Calcium signaling",
        "Membrane transport",
        "Mitochondrial activity",
        "Ion channel activation",
        "Cell proliferation",
        "Differentiation along mesodermal lineages",
        "Paracrine factor secretion",
        "Immunomodulatory capabilities",
        "Regeneration outcomes in preclinical disease models (e.g., myocardial infarction, osteoarthritis, brain damage)",
        "Safety assessments (not reported; noted as needed)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "This review summarizes studies reporting that super-low-intensity (non-thermal) microwave radiation exposures can modulate MSC-related mechanisms (e.g., calcium signaling, membrane transport, mitochondrial activity, ion channel activation) and may increase MSC proliferation, mesodermal differentiation, paracrine secretion, and immunomodulatory capabilities during brief, regulated exposures. The review states these effects are associated with enhanced MSC regenerative capability in preclinical models (e.g., myocardial infarction, osteoarthritis, brain damage), while noting further work is needed on exposure settings, mechanisms, and safety.",
    "effect_direction": "benefit",
    "limitations": [
        "Narrative review; no primary data presented in abstract",
        "Exposure parameters (frequency, power density values, SAR, duration details) not specified in abstract",
        "Safety assessment not established; described as needing additional study",
        "Findings referenced largely in preclinical models; clinical translation uncertain"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "insufficient",
    "confidence": 0.7199999999999999733546474089962430298328399658203125,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "microwave radiation",
        "super-low-intensity",
        "non-thermal",
        "mesenchymal stem cells",
        "calcium signaling",
        "mitochondria",
        "ion channels",
        "proliferation",
        "differentiation",
        "paracrine factors",
        "immunomodulation",
        "regenerative medicine"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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