Lack of effect of 2.45-GHz microwave radiation on the development of preimplantation embryos of mice.

PAPER pubmed Bioelectromagnetics 1982 Animal study Effect: no_effect Evidence: Low

Read original paper → DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250030211 PMID: 7126278 Evidence Lab

Abstract

The development of preimplantation embryos after exposure to microwave radiation was studied. Female CD-1 mice were induced to superovulate, mated, and exposed to 2.45-GHz microwave or sham radiation for 3 h at power densities of 9 mW/cm2 and 19 mW/cm2 on either day 2 or 3 of pregnancy (plug day was considered day 1). Another group of mice was exposed to heat stress by placing the dams in an environmental room at an ambient temperature of 38 degrees C and relative humidity at 62% for 3 h on day 2 of pregnancy. All groups were euthanized on day 4 of pregnancy and embryos were recovered by flushing excised uterine horns. Embryos were examined for abnormalities and classified by the developmental stages. They were then treated with hypotonic solution and dissociated for counting blastomeres. Heat stress caused stunted development of embryos, but no remarkable effect of microwave radiation could be found on the development of preimplantation embryos.

AI evidence extraction

At a glance

Study type

Animal study

Effect direction

no_effect

Population

Female CD-1 mice (pregnant; preimplantation embryos assessed)

Sample size

—

Exposure

microwave · 2450 MHz · 3 h (on day 2 or 3 of pregnancy)

Evidence strength

Low

Confidence: 78% · Peer-reviewed: yes

Main findings

Heat stress (38°C, 62% RH for 3 h on day 2) caused stunted embryo development. No remarkable effect of 2.45-GHz microwave exposure (9 or 19 mW/cm2 for 3 h on day 2 or 3) was found on development of preimplantation embryos.

Outcomes measured

Embryo developmental stage
Embryo abnormalities
Blastomere count
Stunted embryo development (heat stress comparison)

Limitations

Sample size not reported in abstract
Specific exposure setup/dosimetry beyond power density not reported (e.g., SAR)
Outcomes assessed only up to day 4 of pregnancy (preimplantation stage)

View raw extracted JSON

{
    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "microwave",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": 2450,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "3 h (on day 2 or 3 of pregnancy)"
    },
    "population": "Female CD-1 mice (pregnant; preimplantation embryos assessed)",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Embryo developmental stage",
        "Embryo abnormalities",
        "Blastomere count",
        "Stunted embryo development (heat stress comparison)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Heat stress (38°C, 62% RH for 3 h on day 2) caused stunted embryo development. No remarkable effect of 2.45-GHz microwave exposure (9 or 19 mW/cm2 for 3 h on day 2 or 3) was found on development of preimplantation embryos.",
    "effect_direction": "no_effect",
    "limitations": [
        "Sample size not reported in abstract",
        "Specific exposure setup/dosimetry beyond power density not reported (e.g., SAR)",
        "Outcomes assessed only up to day 4 of pregnancy (preimplantation stage)"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "2.45 GHz",
        "microwave radiation",
        "mouse",
        "CD-1",
        "pregnancy",
        "preimplantation embryo",
        "power density",
        "heat stress",
        "developmental toxicity"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract/metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This content is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice.

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