Mg.ATP-decorated ultrafine magnetic nanofibers: A bone scaffold with high osteogenic and antibacterial properties in the presence of an electromagnetic field.

Abstract

In this study, ultrafine magnetic nanofibers were developed for bone regeneration purposes. Nanofibers were acquired by electrospinning using a two-component nanofiber matrix (CP: chitosan (Cs) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)) containing different concentrations of succinate conjugated-magnetic hydroxyapatite nanocomposites (SMHA). Hybrid nanofibers (CP&SMHA) containing 5 mg ml of SMHA nanocomposite showed well-defined properties in terms of physicochemical properties and cell behavior. Then, they were modified with adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and Mg ions. The initial adhesion of mesenchymal stem cells and their proliferation rate on the surface of modified nanofibers (Mg.ATP.CP&SMHA) were significantly increased as compared to those of bare nanofibers. Analysis of common osteogenic markers such as alkaline phosphatase activity and the expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 and osteocalcin confirmed the osteogenic efficacy enhancement of CP&SMHA nanofibers when they were functionalized with ATP and Mg. The utilization of the antagonist of purine receptor, P2X7, revealed that this receptor has a major role in the osteogenesis process induced by Mg.ATP.CP&SMHA. Moreover, the results showed that cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation improved as nanofibers were under the influence of the electromagnetic field (EMF), displaying synergistic effects in the process of bone formation. Mg.ATP.CP&SMHA also showed an antibacterial effect against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Considering the high osteogenic potential and antibacterial activity of Mg.ATP.CP&SMHA nanofibers particularly in combination with EMF, it can serve as a great candidate for use in bone tissue engineering applications.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Mg/ATP-functionalized chitosan/PVA nanofibers containing succinate-conjugated magnetic hydroxyapatite (Mg.ATP.CP&SMHA) increased mesenchymal stem cell adhesion and proliferation and enhanced osteogenic markers (ALP activity, RUNX2 and osteocalcin expression) compared with bare nanofibers. Cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation further improved when nanofibers were under the influence of an electromagnetic field, suggesting synergistic effects for bone formation; the scaffold also showed antibacterial effects against E. coli and S. aureus.

Outcomes measured

• Mesenchymal stem cell adhesion
• Mesenchymal stem cell proliferation
• Osteogenic markers (alkaline phosphatase activity)
• Gene/protein expression of osteogenic markers (RUNX2, osteocalcin)
• Role of P2X7 purine receptor in osteogenesis (antagonist study)
• Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli
• Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus
• Effect of electromagnetic field (EMF) on cell adhesion/proliferation/differentiation on scaffold

Limitations

• EMF exposure parameters (e.g., frequency, intensity, duration) not reported in the abstract
• Study design details (in vitro vs in vivo), controls, and statistical details not provided in the abstract
• Sample size not reported

Suggested hubs

• engineering (0.6)
  Magnetic nanofiber scaffold performance evaluated under an electromagnetic field.

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    "outcomes": [
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        "Osteogenic markers (alkaline phosphatase activity)",
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        "Role of P2X7 purine receptor in osteogenesis (antagonist study)",
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        "Sample size not reported"
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    "keywords": [
        "electrospinning",
        "magnetic nanofibers",
        "chitosan",
        "polyvinyl alcohol",
        "hydroxyapatite nanocomposite",
        "ATP",
        "magnesium",
        "mesenchymal stem cells",
        "osteogenesis",
        "P2X7 receptor",
        "electromagnetic field",
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        "bone tissue engineering"
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