Multi-frequency electromagnetic radiation induces anxiety in mice via inflammation in the cerebral

Abstract

Multi-frequency electromagnetic radiation induces anxiety in mice via inflammation in the cerebral cortex Jing X, Menghua L, Lihui Z, Qian W, Xueli W, Xuelong Z, Zhihui L, Guofu D, Changzhen W. Multi-frequency electromagnetic radiation induces anxiety in mice via inflammation in the cerebral cortex. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 May 9. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-33447-y. Abstract Modern life is filled with radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) in various frequency bands, while the health risks are not clear. In this study, mice were whole-body exposed to 0.9/1.5/2.65 GHz radiofrequency radiation at 4 W/kg for 2 h per day for 4 weeks to investigate the emotional effects. It was found that the mice showed anxiety but no severe depression. The ELISA results showed a significant decrease in amino acid neurotransmitters (GABA, DA, 5-HT), although acetylcholine (ACH) levels were not significantly altered. Furthermore, Western blot results showed that BDNF, TrkB, and CREB levels were increased in the cerebral cortex, while NF-κB levels were decreased. In addition, pro- inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) were significantly elevated, and anti-inflammatory factors (IL-4, IL-10) tended to decrease. In conclusion, multi-frequency electromagnetic radiation induces an inflammatory response through the CREB-BDNF-TrkB and NF-κB pathways in the cerebral cortex and causes a decrease in excitatory neurotransmitters, which ultimately causes anxiety in mice. Excerpt In conclusion, these findings suggest that multi-frequency RF-EMR may induce anxiety by decreasing brain neurotransmitter levels and triggering inflammatory responses via the CREB-BDNF-TrkB pathway (Fig. 5). Currently, there are few studies on the relationship between multi-frequency electromagnetic radiation and mood changes, and this study provides some data support and a direction for future research. However, further in-depth investigations are needed to elucidate the specific mechanism of whether multi-frequency RF-EMR can induce negative emotions. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Mice whole-body exposed to multi-frequency RF (0.9/1.5/2.65 GHz) at 4 W/kg for 2 h/day for 4 weeks showed anxiety-like behavior but not severe depression. Neurotransmitters GABA, DA, and 5-HT decreased (ACh not significantly changed), BDNF/TrkB/CREB increased and NF-κB decreased in cerebral cortex, with elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory factors (IL-4, IL-10) tending to decrease.

Outcomes measured

• Anxiety-like behavior
• Depression-like behavior
• Neurotransmitter levels (GABA, DA, 5-HT, ACh)
• Protein expression in cerebral cortex (BDNF, TrkB, CREB, NF-κB)
• Inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10)

Limitations

• Sample size not reported in abstract
• Animal study; generalizability to humans not established
• Exposure scenario (multi-frequency, 4 W/kg whole-body) may not reflect typical real-world human exposures
• Mechanistic conclusions noted as needing further in-depth investigation

Suggested hubs

• animal-studies (0.9)
  Whole-body RF-EMR exposure experiment conducted in mice.

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    "exposure": {
        "band": "RF",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": 4,
        "duration": "2 h/day for 4 weeks (whole-body exposure)"
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    "population": "Mice",
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    "outcomes": [
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    "main_findings": "Mice whole-body exposed to multi-frequency RF (0.9/1.5/2.65 GHz) at 4 W/kg for 2 h/day for 4 weeks showed anxiety-like behavior but not severe depression. Neurotransmitters GABA, DA, and 5-HT decreased (ACh not significantly changed), BDNF/TrkB/CREB increased and NF-κB decreased in cerebral cortex, with elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory factors (IL-4, IL-10) tending to decrease.",
    "effect_direction": "harm",
    "limitations": [
        "Sample size not reported in abstract",
        "Animal study; generalizability to humans not established",
        "Exposure scenario (multi-frequency, 4 W/kg whole-body) may not reflect typical real-world human exposures",
        "Mechanistic conclusions noted as needing further in-depth investigation"
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    "evidence_strength": "low",
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    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
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        "anxiety",
        "neurotransmitters",
        "inflammation",
        "cerebral cortex",
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