Sulforaphane Effects on Neuronal-like Cells and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Exposed to 2.45

Abstract

Sulforaphane Effects on Neuronal-like Cells and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Exposed to 2.45 GHz Electromagnetic Radiation Bertuccio MP, Saija C, Acri G, Ientile R, Caccamo D, Currò M. Sulforaphane Effects on Neuronal-like Cells and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Exposed to 2.45 GHz Electromagnetic Radiation. Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jul 18;25(14):7872. doi: 10.3390/ijms25147872. Abstract Exposure to 2.45 GHz electromagnetic radiation (EMR) emitted from commonly used devices has been reported to induce oxidative stress in several experimental models. Our study aims to evaluate the efficacy of sulforaphane, a well-known natural product, in preventing radiation-induced toxic effects caused by a 24 h exposure of SH-SY5Y neuronal-like cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to 2.45 GHz EMR. Cells were exposed to radiation for 24 h in the presence or absence of sulforaphane at different concentrations (5-10-25 μg/mL). Cell viability, mitochondrial activity alterations, the transcription and protein levels of redox markers, and apoptosis-related genes were investigated. Our data showed a reduction in cell viability of both neuronal-like cells and PBMCs caused by EMR exposure and a protective effect of 5 μg/mL sulforaphane. The lowest sulforaphane concentration decreased ROS production and increased the Mitochondrial Transmembrane Potential (Δψm) and the NAD+/NADH ratio, which were altered by radiation exposure. Sulforaphane at higher concentrations displayed harmful effects. The hormetic behavior of sulforaphane was also evident after evaluating the expression of genes coding for Nrf2, SOD2, and changes in apoptosis markers. Our study underlined the vulnerability of neuronal-like cells to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress and the possibility of mitigating these effects by supplementation with sulforaphane. To our knowledge, there are no previous studies about the effects of SFN on these cells when exposed to 2.45 GHz electromagnetic radiation. Open access paper: mdpi.com

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Exposure to 2.45 GHz EMR for 24 h reduced cell viability in SH-SY5Y neuronal-like cells and PBMCs. Sulforaphane at 5 μg/mL showed a protective effect, decreasing ROS and increasing Δψm and the NAD+/NADH ratio that were altered by radiation exposure, while higher sulforaphane concentrations showed harmful effects.

Outcomes measured

• cell viability
• mitochondrial activity alterations
• ROS production
• mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψm)
• NAD+/NADH ratio
• transcription and protein levels of redox markers
• expression of Nrf2
• expression of SOD2
• apoptosis-related genes/markers

Limitations

• No SAR or exposure intensity/dosimetry details reported in the abstract
• In vitro model; findings may not generalize to in vivo or human health outcomes
• Sample size and replication not reported in the abstract
• Exposure source described generally as 'commonly used devices' without specific device/exposure setup details

Suggested hubs

• school-wi-fi (0.55)
  2.45 GHz is a common Wi‑Fi frequency; study examines cellular effects of 2.45 GHz EMR.

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