Single exposure to near-threshold 5G millimeter wave modifies restraint stress responses in rats
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
In a rat experiment (n=59), a single 40-minute whole-body 28 GHz exposure at near-threshold WBA-SAR levels was evaluated under normal and heat conditions with restraint. After accounting for sham-related restraint stress, exposure was associated with increased serum-free corticosterone 1–3 days later, especially when…
Effects of radiofrequency field from 5G communication on fecal microbiome and metabolome profiles in mice
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2024
This animal study exposed adult male C57BL/6 mice to a 4.9 GHz radiofrequency field for three weeks (1 hour/day) and compared them with a sham group. The abstract reports altered fecal microbiome composition with reduced diversity in the RF group, along with 258 significantly differentially abundant fecal…
Electromagnetic field stimulation facilitates motor neuron excitability, myogenesis and muscle contractility in spinal cord transected rats.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This animal study evaluated whole-body EMF stimulation in a rat model of complete spinal cord injury. Compared with SCI alone, EMF exposure for 7 or 14 days was reported to improve electrophysiological measures of motor neuron excitability and enhance soleus muscle contractile performance. Histopathology and protein…
Electromagnetic Field Stimulation Attenuates Phasic Nociception after Complete Spinal Cord Injury in Rats.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This animal study evaluated whole-body extremely low-frequency EMF stimulation after thoracic complete spinal cord injury in adult male rats. The authors report reduced nociceptive behaviors (hyperalgesia/allodynia) from week 6 onward and restoration of spinal reflexes by week 8. They also report lower glutamate at…
Exposure to RF-EMF Alters Postsynaptic Structure and Hinders Neurite Outgrowth in Developing Hippocampal Neurons of Early Postnatal Mice.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This animal and primary neuron culture study exposed early postnatal mice to whole-body RF-EMF (SAR 4.0 W/kg) for 5 hours/day from P1 to P28. The authors report reductions in dendritic spine measures (notably mushroom-type spines), decreased glutamate receptor expression in mushroom-type spines, and lower BDNF…
Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies in Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD) rats exposed to whole-body radio frequency radiation at a frequency (900 MHz) and modulations (GSM and CDMA) used by cell phones
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This National Toxicology Program technical report describes 900 MHz whole-body RFR exposures (GSM and CDMA) in male and female Sprague Dawley rats from in utero through up to 2 years. The report concludes clear evidence of carcinogenic activity in males for both modulations based on malignant schwannoma of the heart,…
No adverse effects detected for simultaneous whole-body exposure to multiple-frequency radiofrequency electromagnetic fields for rats in the intrauterine and pre- and post-weaning periods.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This animal study exposed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats and their offspring to simultaneous whole-body multifrequency RF signals spanning 800 MHz to 5.2 GHz. Exposure occurred 20 hours per day from gestational day 7 to weaning, with F1 offspring exposed up to 6 weeks of age. Across multiple endpoints including growth,…
Microwave radiation (2.45 GHz)-induced oxidative stress: Whole-body exposure effect on histopathology of Wistar rats.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This animal study examined whole-body exposure to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation for 2 h/day over 35 days in male Wistar rats. The authors report increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) in liver, brain, and spleen and histological changes across multiple organs compared with sham-exposed controls. They conclude the exposure…
Effects of electromagnetic field (1.8/0.9 GHz) exposure on growth plate in growing rats.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2016
This animal study examined whole-body RF-EMF exposure (900 or 1800 MHz) for 2 hours/day over 90 days in growing male rats, compared with sham controls. Exposed rats showed greater weight and length increases and higher levels of several hormones and calcium. The study also reports changes in femoral growth plate…
Effects of Wi-Fi (2.45 GHz) Exposure on Apoptosis, Sperm Parameters and Testicular Histomorphometry in Rats: A Time Course Study
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2015
This animal experimental study exposed male Wistar rats to 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi radiation for 1 or 7 hours per day over two months and compared them with unexposed controls. The abstract reports time-dependent decreases in sperm parameters alongside increased apoptotic markers (apoptosis-positive cells and caspase-3…
The effects of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields on T cell function during development
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2015
This animal study exposed developing Sprague Dawley rats to 2.14 GHz W-CDMA RF-EMF at a whole-body SAR of 0.2 W/kg for 9 weeks (20 h/day). No differences were reported in multiple T cell population measures across blood, spleen, and thymus. Some Th1/Th2-related genes were upregulated (notably in thymus), but serum…