Radiofrequency electromagnetic field affects heart rate variability in rabbits.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This double-blind animal study examined whether RF EMF exposure slightly exceeding occupational limits affects heart rate variability in rabbits. Across two exposure setups (device-generated RF and real base-station downlink signals), the authors report increased HRV indices (HF-HRV and rMSSD) alongside lower heart…
Impact of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (100 Hz, 100 G) exposure on human glioblastoma U87 cells during Temozolomide administration.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This in vitro study evaluated whether extremely low-frequency EMF exposure (100 Hz, 100 G) modifies the effects of temozolomide (100 µM) in human glioblastoma U87 cells over 120–144 hours. The authors report that combined treatment reduced stemness-associated markers (Nestin, CD133, Notch4) and increased GFAP…
Characterisation of spatial and temporal variability of RF-EMF exposure levels in urban environments in Flanders, Belgium.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This exposure-assessment study used on-body calibrated personal exposimeters to characterize spatial and temporal variability of personal RF-EMF exposure across microenvironments in five cities in Flanders, Belgium. Brussels showed the highest mean total exposure, while Antwerp had higher downlink exposure than…
Altered morphology and biochemistry of the female rat liver following 900 megahertz electromagnetic field exposure during mid to late adolescence.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This animal study examined whether 900 MHz EMF exposure during mid to late adolescence affects the liver in female rats. Compared with control and sham groups, the exposed group showed occasional liver histopathological irregularities. The exposed group also had significantly decreased 8-OHdG and SOD levels, and the…
Exposure to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields enhances hair follicle regrowth in C57BL/6 mice.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This animal study in C57BL/6 mice reports that exposure to 50 Hz EMF affected hair follicle regrowth. It also reports increased proliferation of K15 stem cells in hair follicle regions. The authors interpret the findings as potentially beneficial for healing hair loss, but key methodological details are not provided…
Association between media coverage and prevalence of idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic field in Taiwan.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This ecological study examined whether trends in newspaper coverage about EMF/IEI-EMF in Taiwan were associated with changes in reported IEI-EMF prevalence. The authors report that media coverage rose up to 2007 and then declined through 2012, mirroring a decline in IEI-EMF prevalence between 2007 and 2012. In…
Modulation of antioxidant enzyme gene expression by extremely low frequency electromagnetic field in post-stroke patients.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This study evaluated whether adding extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) therapy to standard physical therapy modulates antioxidant gene expression in post-stroke patients. Forty-eight patients were split into an ELF-EMF group and a non-ELF-EMF group, with both groups receiving the same physical…
Fas/FasL pathway and cytokines in keratinocytes in atopic dermatitis - Manipulation by the electromagnetic field.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study exposed keratinocytes from atopic dermatitis patients and healthy controls, plus two keratinocyte cell lines, to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field for 60 minutes. AD-derived keratinocytes showed higher Fas/FasL signaling markers and increased secretion of multiple cytokines versus controls. EMF…
Non-Ionizing Radiation for Cardiac Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Commitment: A Physical Strategy in Regenerative Medicine.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study exposed human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells to an ELF-EMF stimulus (7 Hz, 2.5 µT) and compared responses with a nitric oxide chemical treatment. The authors report reduced cell proliferation with no change in metabolic activity, vitality, or apoptosis after ELF-EMF exposure. They also report…
Eotaxin‑1 and MCP‑1 serve as circulating indicators in response to power frequency electromagnetic field exposure in mice.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This animal study exposed young Balb/c mice to constant 50 Hz power-frequency EMF at 0.1, 0.5, or 2.5 mT for 90 days. Body weight did not differ between exposed and control groups, but serum chemokine profiles showed exposure-related changes. EOTAXIN-1 and MCP-1 were significantly increased at 0.5 mT, which the…
Effect of Microwave Wi-Fi Radiation at Frequency of 2.4 GHz on Epileptic Behavior of Rats.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This animal study exposed rats to 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi radiation for 2 hours at 30 cm from a commercial router and assessed PTZ-induced convulsive behavior. The Wi-Fi "on" PTZ group showed significant differences in seizure event counts and summed severity scores versus comparison groups, while several timing and duration…
Effect of Electromagnetic Waves from Mobile Phones on Spermatogenesis in the Era of 4G-LTE.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This animal experiment assessed whether long-duration 4G-LTE mobile phone electromagnetic field exposure affects spermatogenesis in male rats. After 1 month, the highest exposure condition (3 cm distance, 18 h/day) had reduced spermatid, spermatogonia, total germ cell, and Leydig cell counts compared with sham and…
Spatial electromagnetic field intensity modelling of global system for mobile communication base stations in the Istanbul Technical University Ayazaga campus area.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This study measured RF electric field intensities at 900 and 1800 MHz at 29 points on the Istanbul Technical University campus and produced spatial EMF intensity heat maps using GIS interpolation. Three interpolation methods were compared and the mapped measurements were evaluated against ICNIRP reference limits. All…
Does acute radio-frequency electromagnetic field exposure affect visual event-related potentials in healthy adults?
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This double-blind, randomized, counterbalanced study tested whether acute GSM-like 920 MHz RF-EMF exposure affects visual event-related potentials in 36 healthy adults. Compared with sham, exposure was associated with reduced P1 amplitude and increased anterior N1 latency, with no effects on other ERP measures. The…
Gene Expression Analysis in Human Peripheral Blood Cells after 900 MHz RF-EMF Short-Term Exposure.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This ex vivo/in vitro study exposed peripheral blood cells from five human donors to a 900 MHz continuous-wave RF-EMF for up to 90 minutes (average SAR 9.3 W/kg). After false discovery rate adjustment, the authors report no EMF-specific gene expression changes on microarray analysis. Although low-stringency analysis…
Genotoxic Effects in Human Fibroblasts Exposed to Microwave Radiation.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study exposed human fetal and adult fibroblasts to 25 GHz microwave radiation and assessed multiple genotoxic and cellular endpoints. The authors report no evidence of direct DNA damage and no apoptosis or changes in prosurvival signalling proteins. However, they report increased total and…
After-effect induced by microwave radiation in human electroencephalographic signal: a feasibility study.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This feasibility study tested whether microwave radiation (450 MHz, 40 Hz modulation; 1 g peak spatial average SAR 0.3 W/kg) can induce detectable event-related potentials in EEG. In one subject across four sessions, EEG responses time-locked to exposure offset showed increased alpha-band signal and about a twofold…
From the Cover: 2.45-GHz Microwave Radiation Impairs Hippocampal Learning and Spatial Memory: Involvement of Local Stress Mechanism-Induced Suppression of iGluR/ERK/CREB Signaling.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This mouse study examined low-level 2.45 GHz continuous-wave microwave exposure for 2 hours/day over 15, 30, or 60 days. The authors report impaired learning and spatial memory performance on an 8-arm radial maze after exposure. They also report increased corticosterone and stress/inflammatory-related markers with…
Lasting hepatotoxic effects of prenatal mobile phone exposure.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This animal study examined liver outcomes in rat offspring 60 days after prenatal exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field for 24 hours/day during gestation. The exposed group showed biochemical changes consistent with oxidative stress (higher MDA, lower GSH) and elevated liver enzymes (ALT, AST). Histopathology…
Exposure to 2100 MHz electromagnetic field radiations induces reactive oxygen species generation in roots.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This experimental study examined whether 2100 MHz cell phone-related RF-EMF exposure affects oxidative stress markers in onion roots. After 1–4 hours of continuous-wave exposure in a single day, the study reports increased lipid peroxidation and ROS-related measures (MDA, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion).…
The expression of pluripotency and neuronal differentiation markers under the influence of electromagnetic field and nitric oxide.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This in vitro study examined how 50 Hz low-frequency EMF and a nitric oxide donor (Deta-NO) affect stemness and neuronal differentiation markers in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The authors report that high NO (1 mM) combined with EMF reduced stemness markers and increased neuronal differentiation markers,…
Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on morphine analgesia and tolerance in rats.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This animal study examined whether extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure alters morphine analgesia and tolerance in rats. Rats exposed to a 50 Hz magnetic field (reported as 5 mT) showed higher morphine analgesic effects than rats given morphine without field exposure. In morphine-tolerant rats,…
Stable morphological-physiological and neural protein expression changes in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells treated with electromagnetic field and nitric oxide.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This in vitro study evaluated combined effects of extremely low frequency EMF (50 Hz, 20 mT) and nitric oxide (NO) on rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The authors report reduced viability and morphology changes with high NO in the presence of EMF, along with increased calcium ion entry. They also report…
Acute effects of mobile phone radiations on subtle energy levels of teenagers using electrophotonic imaging technique: A randomized controlled study.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This double-blind randomized controlled study enrolled 61 healthy teenagers and compared 15 minutes of mobile phone exposure with the phone ON at the right ear versus a phone OFF condition. The study reports significant reductions in EPI-measured "subtle energy levels" in the ON group versus OFF across multiple…
The Synergistic Effect of Microwave Radiation and Hypergravity on Rats and the Intervention Effect of Rana Sylvatica Le Conte Oil.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This animal study examined combined exposure to microwave radiation and hypergravity in rats and assessed whether Rana sylvatica Le Conte oil had protective effects. The hypergravity plus microwave group showed reduced motor performance, reduced cholinergic enzyme activities, and reduced total antioxidant capacity,…