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Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields promote cognitive function and hippocampal neurogenesis of rats with cerebral ischemia.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2021

This animal study evaluated whether ELF-EMF exposure affects recovery-related outcomes after cerebral ischemia in rats. Rats exposed to 50 Hz, 1 mT ELF-EMF for 2 hours daily over 28 days showed better Morris water maze performance than untreated rats. The study also reports increased hippocampal neurogenesis markers…

Synergistic effect of electromagnetic fields and nanomagnetic particles on osteogenesis through calcium channels and p-ERK signaling.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2021

This in vitro and animal study evaluated whether extremely low frequency EMF exposure (1 mT, 45 Hz, 8 h/day) combined with Fe-based nanomagnetic particles enhances osteogenesis. The authors report no detectable cytotoxicity and increased osteogenic markers/proteins with combined NMP + EMF exposure, alongside…

Enhancement in the ATP level and antioxidant capacity of under continuous exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field for multiple generations.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2020

This multi-generation animal study exposed worms continuously to 50 Hz, 3 mT extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields and assessed outcomes in the 15th generation. The study reports increased body length, higher ATP content and ATP synthase activity, and upregulated ATP-related gene expression in exposed worms.…

Effect of Rehabilitation with Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field on Molecular Mechanism of Apoptosis in Post-Stroke Patients.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2020

This study evaluated whether adding extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure to a rehabilitation program affects apoptosis-related gene expression in post-stroke patients. Forty-eight patients (3–4 weeks post-incident) were divided into ELF-EMF and non-ELF-EMF groups, with the ELF-EMF group…

Combination of low intensity electromagnetic field with chondrogenic agent induces chondrogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells with minimal hypertrophic side effects.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2020

This in vitro study evaluated whether extremely low-frequency EMF (50 Hz,

Immune response of mollusk Onchidium struma to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF, 50 Hz) exposure based on immune-related enzyme activity and De novo transcriptome analysis.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2020

This animal study exposed the mollusk Onchidium struma to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at 100 μT or 500 μT for up to one week and assessed immune-related cell counts, enzyme activities, and transcriptomic changes. The 100 μT group showed increased total coelomocyte and spherulocyte density versus control and 500 μT, while some cell…

A single-pulsed electromagnetic field enhances collagen synthesis in tendon cells.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2020

This in vitro study reports that a single pulsed electromagnetic field (0.2 Hz) increased expression of tenogenic genes and reduced expression of a matrix-degradation/inflammatory gene (Mmp1) in tendon cells. After 5 days of exposure (3 min/day), collagen type I and total collagen synthesis protein levels were…

Effect of Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Expression of T-bet and GATA-3 Genes and Serum Interferon-γ and Interleukin-4.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2019

This rat study examined 50 Hz ELF-EMF exposure (1–2000 μT) for 60 days and measured Th-related gene expression and cytokines in an HSA-stimulated immune model. Splenic T-bet and GATA-3 mRNA expression decreased at 1 and 100 μT. Serum IFN-γ and IL-4 were significantly decreased in the 100 μT group only before HSA…

The combinatory effect of sinusoidal electromagnetic field and VEGF promotes osteogenesis and angiogenesis of mesenchymal stem cell-laden PCL/HA implants in a rat subcritical cranial defect.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2019

This animal and in vitro study evaluated sinusoidal electromagnetic field (SEMF) exposure combined with VEGF in rat mesenchymal stem cells and in a rat cranial defect model using rBMSC-laden PCL/HA scaffolds. The authors report increased osteogenic and endothelial marker expression with SEMF and VEGF, with a slight…

Evaluation of the Validity of a Nonlinear J-Shaped Dose-Response Relationship in Cancers Induced by Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2019

This review discusses the controversial evidence on mobile phone RF-EMF exposure and brain cancer. The authors argue that exposure magnitude may be a key factor contributing to inconsistent findings. They discuss evidence supporting a nonlinear J-shaped dose-response relationship for RF-EMF-related carcinogenesis.

Ca2+ and CACNA1H mediate targeted suppression of breast cancer brain metastasis by AM RF EMF

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2019

This study describes a therapeutic use of athermal, amplitude-modulated RF EMF (27.12 MHz) at breast cancer-specific frequencies to target breast cancer brain metastases. The abstract reports tumor growth suppression in animal models and durable regression in one patient with triple negative breast cancer brain…

Efficacy of pulsed electromagnetic fields and electromagnetic fields tuned to the ion cyclotron resonance frequency of Ca on chondrogenic differentiation.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2019

This in vitro study compared commonly used pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) exposures with electromagnetic fields tuned to satisfy the ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) condition for calcium. After 3 weeks, the calcium ICR condition was associated with increased glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen synthesis and…

Global gene expression changes reflecting pleiotropic effects of Irpex lacteus induced by low--intensity electromagnetic field.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2019

This laboratory study used RNA-seq to examine how low-intensity electromagnetic field (LI-EMF) exposure affects global gene expression in the fungus Irpex lacteus. Thousands of differentially expressed genes were reported immediately after exposure, with fewer changes after 3 h and 6 h recovery, and a subset of genes…

Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies in Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD) rats exposed to whole-body radio frequency radiation at a frequency (900 MHz) and modulations (GSM and CDMA) used by cell phones

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This National Toxicology Program technical report describes 900 MHz whole-body RFR exposures (GSM and CDMA) in male and female Sprague Dawley rats from in utero through up to 2 years. The report concludes clear evidence of carcinogenic activity in males for both modulations based on malignant schwannoma of the heart,…

Effects of single and combined low frequency electromagnetic fields and simulated microgravity on gene expression of human mesenchymal stem cells during chondrogenesis.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This in vitro study exposed human mesenchymal stem cell pellets undergoing chondrogenesis to simulated microgravity (SMG), low-frequency EMF (5 mT, 15 Hz), or both for 3 weeks. SMG significantly changed gene expression and reduced chondrogenic marker expression (including COL2A1). LF-EMF alone showed no…

Modulation of antioxidant enzyme gene expression by extremely low frequency electromagnetic field in post-stroke patients.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This study evaluated whether adding extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) therapy to standard physical therapy modulates antioxidant gene expression in post-stroke patients. Forty-eight patients were split into an ELF-EMF group and a non-ELF-EMF group, with both groups receiving the same physical…

Synergistic effect of rice bran extract and extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on dermal papilla/melanocytes in melanogenesis.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This in vitro study used a 3D dermal papilla-like tissue model containing dermal papilla cells and melanocytes to assess melanogenesis after rice bran extract (RBE), extremely low-frequency EMF, or their combination. The combined RBE/EMF condition showed higher tyrosinase activity, increased melanogenesis-related…

Effects of electromagnetic field, cisplatin and morphine on cytotoxicity and expression levels of DNA repair genes.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This in vitro study examined how morphine, a 50-Hz 0.50 mT electromagnetic field (intermittent), and cisplatin co-treatments affected DNA repair gene expression and cytotoxicity in MCF-7 and SH-SY5Y cells. Morphine alone was reported to down-regulate examined DNA repair genes, whereas morphine plus EMF did not…

Effect of Electromagnetic Waves from Mobile Phones on Spermatogenesis in the Era of 4G-LTE.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This animal experiment assessed whether long-duration 4G-LTE mobile phone electromagnetic field exposure affects spermatogenesis in male rats. After 1 month, the highest exposure condition (3 cm distance, 18 h/day) had reduced spermatid, spermatogonia, total germ cell, and Leydig cell counts compared with sham and…

Expressions of some antioxidant genes in SH-SY5Y cells treated with β-lapachone, morphine and electromagnetic field.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This in vitro study exposed SH-SY5Y cells to a 50 Hz, 0.50 mT electromagnetic field under intermittent or continuous conditions, alongside β-lapachone and/or morphine. The authors report condition-dependent changes in antioxidant gene expression, including decreased NQO1 and increased NQO2 under intermittent EMF…

Effect of a 1800 MHz electromagnetic field emitted during embryogenesis on chick development and hatchability.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This animal study examined 1800 MHz EMF exposure during chick embryogenesis and assessed development, malformations, organ measures, and stress-related biomarkers. The authors report earlier pipping and hatching without an increase in malformations or changes in chick quantity/quality. They also report decreased…

Effects of 1950 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on Aβ processing in human neuroblastoma and mouse hippocampal neuronal cells.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This in vitro study exposed HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells and SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells to 1950 MHz RF-EMF at SAR 6 W/kg for 2 hours per day over 3 days. RF-EMF exposure reduced mRNA levels of several Aβ-processing genes in HT22 cells, but did not change APP mRNA in SH-SY5Y cells. Protein levels of…

Activation of TLR signalling regulates microwave radiation-mediated impairment of spermatogenesis in rat testis.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This rat study examined whether microwave radiation affects Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in testis. The authors report increased TLR2-5 expression and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) after microwave exposure. Key phosphorylated components of TLR signaling (including NF-κB p65) were also…

Age-dependent effect of long-term microwave radiation on postnatal neurogenesis in rats: morphological and behavioral study.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This animal study examined pulsed-wave 2.45 GHz microwave radiation exposure (1 or 3 hours daily for 3 weeks) in adult and juvenile rats and assessed neurogenesis-related markers in the rostral migratory stream. The authors report reduced cell proliferation in adults and longer-lasting effects on cell death after…

NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies: GSM- and CDMA-modulated Cell Phone RFR, NTP TR 595

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This NTP technical report describes long-term rat studies exposing animals to 900 MHz GSM and CDMA-modulated radiofrequency radiation at whole-body SAR levels of 0, 1.5, 3, and 6 W/kg, including exposure beginning before birth. The abstract reports NTP concluded there was "clear evidence" for malignant schwannoma of…

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