Effects of 1950 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on Aβ processing in human neuroblastoma and mouse hippocampal neuronal cells.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study exposed HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells and SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells to 1950 MHz RF-EMF at SAR 6 W/kg for 2 hours per day over 3 days. RF-EMF exposure reduced mRNA levels of several Aβ-processing genes in HT22 cells, but did not change APP mRNA in SH-SY5Y cells. Protein levels of…
2.45 GHz microwave radiation induced oxidative and nitrosative stress mediated testicular apoptosis: Involvement of a p53 dependent bax-caspase-3 mediated pathway.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This animal study exposed 12-week-old male mice to 2.45 GHz continuous-wave microwave radiation (average power density 0.0248 mW/cm; whole-body SAR 0.0146 W/kg) for 2 hours/day over 15, 30, or 60 days. The authors evaluated testicular histology, testosterone, oxidative/nitrosative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes,…
After-effect induced by microwave radiation in human electroencephalographic signal: a feasibility study.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This feasibility study tested whether microwave radiation (450 MHz, 40 Hz modulation; 1 g peak spatial average SAR 0.3 W/kg) can induce detectable event-related potentials in EEG. In one subject across four sessions, EEG responses time-locked to exposure offset showed increased alpha-band signal and about a twofold…
NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies: GSM- and CDMA-modulated Cell Phone RFR, NTP TR 595
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This NTP technical report describes long-term rat studies exposing animals to 900 MHz GSM and CDMA-modulated radiofrequency radiation at whole-body SAR levels of 0, 1.5, 3, and 6 W/kg, including exposure beginning before birth. The abstract reports NTP concluded there was "clear evidence" for malignant schwannoma of…
RF-EMF exposure at 1800 MHz did not elicit DNA damage or abnormal cellular behaviors in different neurogenic cells.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This in vitro study assessed whether intermittent 1800 MHz RF-EMF exposure induces DNA damage or alters cellular behavior in three neurogenic cell lines. Cells were exposed at an average SAR of 4.0 W/kg for 1, 6, or 24 hours and evaluated for γH2AX foci, cell cycle progression, proliferation, and viability. The…
Antenna Design and SAR Analysis on Human Head Phantom Simulation for Future Clinical Applications.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This study developed a mathematical and computer simulation model to analyze RF-EMF exposure in a human head phantom, motivated by potential therapeutic applications. The modeled exposure used a Yagi-Uda antenna at 64 MHz with SAR 0.6 W/kg and compared field distribution using one versus four antennas. COMSOL Bioheat…
The effects of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields on T cell function during development
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2015
This animal study exposed developing Sprague Dawley rats to 2.14 GHz W-CDMA RF-EMF at a whole-body SAR of 0.2 W/kg for 9 weeks (20 h/day). No differences were reported in multiple T cell population measures across blood, spleen, and thymus. Some Th1/Th2-related genes were upregulated (notably in thymus), but serum…
Effects of a continuous electromagnetic field on wound healing in human airway.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2015
This in vitro study exposed BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells to a 1.8-GHz continuous EMF at SAR 1.0 W/kg and assessed wound-healing related endpoints. EMF exposure decreased cell migration in a scratch assay compared with controls. The authors report no cytotoxicity, no inhibition of proliferation, and no…
2.45-GHz microwave irradiation adversely affects reproductive function in male mouse, Mus musculus by inducing oxidative and nitrosative stress
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This animal study exposed 12-week-old male Swiss strain mice to non-thermal low-level 2.45-GHz microwave radiation for 2 hours per day over 30 days (SAR 0.018 W/kg). The abstract reports reduced sperm count and viability, testicular structural changes, lower 3β-HSD activity and plasma testosterone, and increased…
Effect of 950 MHz UHF electromagnetic radiation on biomarkers of oxidative damage, metabolism of UFA and antioxidants in the livers of young rats of different ages
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This animal study exposed rats of different early-life ages to 950 MHz UHF electromagnetic radiation for 30 minutes per day (SAR 1.0–1.3 W/kg) across gestation and/or early postnatal periods. The authors report no evidence of oxidative stress by TBARS or protein carbonyls, but report changes in fatty acid…
[The activity of prooxidant-antioxidant system in loach embryos under the action of microwave radiation].
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This animal study examined oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in loach embryos exposed to GSM 900 MHz microwave radiation (SAR 1.1 W/kg) for 1–20 minutes during early embryogenesis. The authors report significant changes in lipid peroxidation products and altered antioxidant enzyme activities. They conclude…
Effects of 900 MHz electromagnetic field emitted by cellular phones on electrocardiograms of guinea pigs.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This animal study examined whether RF-EMF from cellular phones affects electrocardiograms in guinea pigs. Thirty guinea pigs were randomized to control (no exposure) or RF-EMF exposure (890–915 MHz; SAR 0.95 W/kg) for 12 hours per day over 30 days. The study reports no significant effects on ECG findings under these…
No influence of acute RF exposure (GSM-900, GSM-1800, and UMTS) on mouse retinal ganglion cell responses under constant temperature conditions.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This double-blind in vitro study exposed isolated mouse retinae to GSM-900, GSM-1800, and UMTS RF-EMF at SARs up to 20 W/kg while maintaining constant temperature. Changes in retinal ganglion cell responses to light stimuli were compared before, during, and up to 35 minutes after exposure. The authors report no…
Reactive oxygen species elevation and recovery in Drosophila bodies and ovaries following short-term and long-term exposure to DECT base EMF.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This animal study measured ROS in Drosophila bodies and ovaries after short- and long-term exposure to DECT base RF (1.88–1.90 GHz; SAR 0.009 W/kg). The abstract reports increased ROS in bodies after 6 h exposure and in ovaries after 0.5–1 h exposure, with apparent saturation under longer continuous exposure. It also…
Effect of electromagnetic radiofrequency radiation on the rats' brain, liver and kidney cells measured by comet assay.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2011
This animal study assessed DNA damage in rat brain, liver, and kidney cells after repeated whole-body exposure to 915 MHz GSM-modulated RF radiation (SAR 0.6 W/kg) using the comet assay. Tail length was slightly increased in brain cells and differed more notably in liver and kidney samples versus sham controls, while…
[Effect of 1.8 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on gene expression of rat neurons].
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2008
This in vitro study exposed primary cultured rat neurons to 1.8 GHz RF-EMF at an average SAR of 2 W/kg and assessed gene expression changes. The authors report multiple differentially expressed genes after 24 h intermittent exposure and confirm exposure-dependent changes in Egr-1, Mbp, and Plp by semi-quantitative…
Microscopic observation of living cells during their exposure to modulated electromagnetic fields.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2008
This paper describes an exposure and microscopy system designed to continuously observe living cells during exposure to modulated RF-EMF similar to mobile phone signals. Using protocols where the same cells serve as controls before and after exposure, the system was validated with endocytosis measurements. Under 900…