2.45 GHz microwave radiation induced oxidative and nitrosative stress mediated testicular apoptosis: Involvement of a p53 dependent bax-caspase-3 mediated pathway.
This animal study exposed 12-week-old male mice to 2.45 GHz continuous-wave microwave radiation (average power density 0.0248 mW/cm; whole-body SAR 0.0146 W/kg) for 2 hours/day over 15, 30, or 60 days. The authors evaluated testicular histology, testosterone, oxidative/nitrosative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes, and apoptosis-related proteins. They report increased oxidative/nitrosative stress and testicular apoptosis involving a p53-dependent Bax–caspase-3 pathway, with greater severity at longer exposure durations.
Key points
- Male mice were exposed to 2.45 GHz continuous-wave microwave radiation for 2 hours/day for up to 60 days.
- Exposure conditions included an average power density of 0.0248 mW/cm and a whole-body SAR of 0.0146 W/kg.
- The study assessed oxidative and nitrosative stress markers including ROS, NO, and MDA.
- Apoptosis-related endpoints included p53, Bax, Bcl-2/Bcl-x, cytochrome-c, caspase-3, and PARP-1.
- The authors report that exposure induced testicular redox imbalance and increased testicular apoptosis.
- The reported apoptotic effects increased in severity with longer exposure duration.
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AI-generated summaries may be incomplete or incorrect. This content is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice.
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