Effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field on brain histopathology of Caspian Sea Cyprinus carpio.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This animal study evaluated 50 Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure and brain histopathology in Cyprinus carpio. Fish were sham-exposed or exposed to magnetic field intensities from 0.1 to 7 mT for 0.5 or 1 hour. The authors report severe brain histopathological changes at intensities ≥3 mT,…
Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on morphine analgesia and tolerance in rats.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This animal study examined whether extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure alters morphine analgesia and tolerance in rats. Rats exposed to a 50 Hz magnetic field (reported as 5 mT) showed higher morphine analgesic effects than rats given morphine without field exposure. In morphine-tolerant rats,…
Rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells aging reduction by zinc sulfate under extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure is associated with increased telomerase reverse transcriptase gene expression.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This in vitro study exposed rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells to 50 Hz, 20 mT ELF-EMF for 30 minutes per day over 21 days, with and without zinc sulfate. The authors report ELF-EMF exposure decreased TERT gene expression and increased senescent cells. Zinc sulfate was reported to increase TERT expression and…
Theta-gamma coupling in hippocampus during working memory deficits induced by low frequency electromagnetic field exposure.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This mouse study examined whether 50 Hz, 1 mT electromagnetic field exposure affects working memory and hippocampal electrophysiology. The authors report reduced Y-maze working memory performance after 3 days of EMF exposure, accompanied by decreased hippocampal firing rates. They also report reduced theta and…
Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) reduces oxidative stress and improves functional and psychological status in ischemic stroke patients.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This clinical study evaluated whether adding ELF-EMF exposure to a 4-week rehabilitation program affects antioxidant and clinical status in ischemic stroke patients. Fifty-seven patients were assigned to an ELF-EMF group or a non-ELF-EMF group, with the exposed group receiving 40 Hz, 7 mT for 15 minutes per day over…
Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on in-vitro cellular cultures HeLa and CHO.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2016
This in-vitro study examined whether 50 Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields affect proliferation in HeLa and CHO cell cultures. The abstract reports increased proliferation in exposed cells versus controls, with the largest reported increase under repetitive exposure at 2.49 mT (40 minutes every 12…
The Effects of Exposure to Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in the Treatment of Migraine Headache: A Cohort Study.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2016
This cohort study followed 114 migraine patients and assessed self-reported use of mobile phones, Wi-Fi devices, and fixed-line telephones as RF-EMF sources. Over a 3-month period, migraine frequency and severity were reported as significantly correlated with higher mobile phone and Wi-Fi use, while fixed-line…
A cross-sectional study on oxidative stress in workers exposed to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2015
This cross-sectional study compared oxidative stress and genotoxicity biomarkers between 310 ELF-EMF-exposed inspection workers and 300 logistical staff controls. The authors report no statistically significant differences in antioxidant-related measures (T-AOC, GPx, SOD) or MDA, and no significant differences in…
Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on paraoxonase serum activity and lipid peroxidation metabolites in rat
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Aug 13, 2014
This randomized animal experiment examined whether 60 Hz extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) exposure alters oxidative stress-related biomarkers in 75 Wistar rats. The authors report increased lipid peroxidation markers after both single and 14-day exposures, alongside changes in antioxidant-related…
Assessment of the neurotoxic potential of exposure to 50Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) in naïve and chemically stressed PC12 cells
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This in vitro study tested acute (30 min) and sub-chronic (48 h) 50 Hz ELF-EMF exposure up to 1000 µT in naïve and chemically stressed PC12 cells. Across assays of Ca2+ homeostasis, ROS production, and membrane integrity, the study reports no consistent or measurable neurotoxic effects under the tested conditions.…
No effects of power line frequency extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure on selected neurobehavior tests of workers inspecting transformers and distribution line stations versus controls
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This study evaluated whether occupational 50 Hz ELF-EMF exposure near transformers and distribution power lines affects performance on several computer-based neurobehavior tests. Spot measurements found some electric-field locations above a national occupational standard, while all magnetic-field spots were below the…
Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field from Convective Air Warming System on Temperature Selection and Distance.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This study measured extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) emitted by a convective air warming (forced air warmer) device at different temperature settings and distances. Reported ELF-EMF levels increased with closer proximity and higher temperature settings, with mean values around 18 mG at 30 cm.…
Effect of Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field and GABAA Receptors on Serum Testosterone Level of Male Rats.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2013
This animal experiment tested whether extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure interacts with GABAA receptor modulation to affect serum testosterone in male rats. Rats were exposed for 30 days (8 hours/day) or sham exposed, then given saline, a GABAA antagonist (bicuculline), or a GABAA…
Effect of puerarin on matrix metalloproteinase-2 in human fetal scleral fibroblasts treated with low frequency electromagnetic fields.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2013
This in vitro study examined whether extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure alters MMP-2 expression in cultured human fetal scleral fibroblasts and whether puerarin modifies this response. The authors report increased MMP-2 mRNA and protein expression after 0.2 mT ELF-EMF exposure for 24…
Effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure on sleep quality in high voltage substations.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2012
This case-control study measured electric field intensity and magnetic flux density in high voltage substations and estimated workers' ELF-EMF exposure over a shift. Sleep quality was assessed using the PSQI in 67 exposed workers and 110 controls. The study reports no statistically significant difference in overall…
Effects of low frequency electromagnetic fields on the chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2011
This in vitro study examined whether extremely low-frequency magnetic fields affect chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in pellet culture. Cells exposed for 3 weeks to a homogeneous sinusoidal 5 mT magnetic field showed increased collagen type II expression (significant at passage 6) and…
Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on testes in guinea pig.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2007
This animal study exposed 36 adult male guinea pigs to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields at 5 Hz or 50 Hz and compared testosterone and testes tissue outcomes with sham/control conditions. After 5 days, the authors report a significant decrease in testosterone in exposed groups versus controls. They also…
Ultrastructural alterations and occurrence of apoptosis in developing follicles exposed to low frequency electromagnetic field in rat ovary.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2007
This animal study examined rat ovaries after chronic exposure to a 3 mT low-frequency electromagnetic field for 4 hours per day over 4 months. Using TEM and TUNEL, the authors report ultrastructural alterations in oocytes and more frequent apoptosis-associated changes in granulosa and corona radiata cells versus…