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This animal study examined pulsed-wave 2.45 GHz microwave radiation exposure (1 or 3 hours daily for 3 weeks) in adult and juvenile rats and assessed neurogenesis-related markers in the rostral migratory stream. The authors report reduced cell proliferation in adults and longer-lasting effects on cell death after…

This animal study used developing quail embryos to assess oxidative and mutagenic effects of low-intensity GSM 1800 MHz radiation from a commercial smartphone. The authors report statistically significant increases in oxidative stress markers, DNA integrity damage, and oxidative DNA damage (8-oxo-dG) in exposed…

This in vitro study evaluated radiofrequency (RF) radiation with and without gold nanoparticles in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cancer cells as a potential approach for renal cell carcinoma treatment. The authors report reduced cell survival in one RF-exposed group versus control, and additional reductions in…

This animal study examined liver outcomes in rat offspring 60 days after prenatal exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field for 24 hours/day during gestation. The exposed group showed biochemical changes consistent with oxidative stress (higher MDA, lower GSH) and elevated liver enzymes (ALT, AST). Histopathology…

This rat study examined 900 MHz EMF exposure for 60 minutes per day over 15 days and assessed hippocampal and cerebellar outcomes, behavior, and serum enzyme activity. The EMF-only group showed significant neuronal cell losses in multiple brain regions and worse passive avoidance performance compared with other…

This study compared 60 healthy female medical students grouped by self-reported daily mobile phone use by the head (90 min). MRI/MRS analyses found no significant differences in hippocampal volume or in choline, creatine, and N-acetyl aspartate between groups. However, the higher-use group showed poorer performance…

This study assessed working memory before and after 5 minutes of mobile phone use using a brief computerized 10-word recall task. The experimental group showed worse performance immediately after phone use, with partial improvement 5 minutes later, while the control group improved across repeated tests without phone…

This animal study examined iron distribution in rabbit cerebellum after exposure to RF electromagnetic fields, using light and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive microanalysis. The authors report dystrophic changes in Purkinje cells in irradiated groups and deposits containing multiple elements…

This study investigated how laboratory bacterial strains and skin bacterial isolates respond to static magnetic fields and radiofrequency EMF described as cell phone-level exposure. The authors report variable and inconsistent growth responses across species and across isolates from four subjects. They propose that…

This in vitro study evaluated combined effects of extremely low frequency EMF (50 Hz, 20 mT) and nitric oxide (NO) on rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The authors report reduced viability and morphology changes with high NO in the presence of EMF, along with increased calcium ion entry. They also report…

This cross-sectional questionnaire study examined stress and mobile phone use in GSM network employees. Stress measures differed across groups defined by phone use duration and conversation length. Speaking on a mobile phone for more than 60 minutes/day was associated with a higher reported risk of headaches even…

This animal study examined whether extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) from a high-voltage source alter trace element concentrations in rat teeth and whether antioxidants (melatonin and glutathione) modify these changes. Rats were exposed 8 hours/day for 26 or 52 days, with separate sham…