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This animal study exposed adolescent female rats to a 900-MHz electromagnetic field for 1 hour per day from postnatal days 35 to 59 and assessed ovarian histology and biochemical markers. The EMF group showed multiple histopathological changes in ovarian tissue and had fewer secondary follicles than the other groups.…

This animal study examined 2.45 GHz microwave exposure in male Swiss albino mice for 2 hours per day over 30 days. The authors report increased oxidative stress markers and reduced antioxidant enzymes and testosterone in exposed mice versus sham controls. They also report micronuclei formation in blood and…

This animal study exposed 12-week-old male mice to 2.45 GHz continuous-wave microwave radiation (average power density 0.0248 mW/cm; whole-body SAR 0.0146 W/kg) for 2 hours/day over 15, 30, or 60 days. The authors evaluated testicular histology, testosterone, oxidative/nitrosative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes,…

This animal study used developing quail embryos to assess oxidative and mutagenic effects of low-intensity GSM 1800 MHz radiation from a commercial smartphone. The authors report statistically significant increases in oxidative stress markers, DNA integrity damage, and oxidative DNA damage (8-oxo-dG) in exposed…

This animal study examined liver outcomes in rat offspring 60 days after prenatal exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field for 24 hours/day during gestation. The exposed group showed biochemical changes consistent with oxidative stress (higher MDA, lower GSH) and elevated liver enzymes (ALT, AST). Histopathology…

This experimental study examined whether 2100 MHz cell phone-related RF-EMF exposure affects oxidative stress markers in onion roots. After 1–4 hours of continuous-wave exposure in a single day, the study reports increased lipid peroxidation and ROS-related measures (MDA, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion).…

This animal study examined prenatal exposure to 10 GHz microwave radiation starting at gestation day 0.25 or 11.25 until term. At 3 weeks of age, offspring from exposed pregnancies showed reduced brain and body weight and biochemical changes consistent with oxidative stress compared with sham controls. The authors…

This animal study examined whole-body exposure to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation for 2 h/day over 35 days in male Wistar rats. The authors report increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) in liver, brain, and spleen and histological changes across multiple organs compared with sham-exposed controls. They conclude the exposure…

This animal study examined combined exposure to microwave radiation and hypergravity in rats and assessed whether Rana sylvatica Le Conte oil had protective effects. The hypergravity plus microwave group showed reduced motor performance, reduced cholinergic enzyme activities, and reduced total antioxidant capacity,…

This in vitro study exposed human proximal renal tubular epithelial cells (HKC) to microwave irradiation for 24 hours and assessed cell injury, oxidative stress, and cell death. The authors report increased injury markers (LDH, NAG), increased oxidative stress (higher MDA, lower SOD), and more apoptosis/necrosis…

This narrative review proposes that low-intensity microwave/lower-frequency EMFs activate plasma membrane calcium channels in animals, increasing intracellular calcium and triggering downstream signaling including oxidative stress pathways. It further suggests that EMF actions in terrestrial multicellular plants are…

This in vitro study examined how Salmonella enterica serovar Hadar adapts to a 200 mT static magnetic field for 9 hours using proteomics. The authors report 35 cytosolic proteins with >2-fold expression changes after exposure, spanning metabolism, oxidative stress response, energy homeostasis, translation elongation,…

This animal study exposed male Swiss mice to 2.45 GHz continuous-wave microwave radiation for 2 hours/day over 15, 30, or 60 days. The authors report increased hippocampal oxidative/nitrosative stress and increased apoptosis in neuronal and nonneuronal hippocampal subfields. They also report duration-dependent…

This animal study evaluated repeated 1800 MHz EMF exposure (5 × 15 minutes) on lipid peroxidation (MDA) in Wistar rats, including healthy animals and those with CFA-induced inflammation, with and without tramadol. The authors report slightly elevated MDA in blood, brain, and kidneys in EMF-exposed conditions,…

This animal experiment randomized 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats to 900 MHz electromagnetic radiation exposure (4 h/day for 18 days) or no exposure. The exposed group showed increased oxidative stress markers in liver tissue (higher MDA, lower GSH) and reported histopathological changes, along with increased apoptosis…

This in vitro study exposed human blood platelet suspensions to 1 kHz electromagnetic fields at 150 or 220 V/m for 30 or 60 minutes. The authors report increased ROS and MDA (at 220 V/m, 30 min) and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD-1 and catalase), with the largest changes at 220 V/m for 60 minutes. They…

This randomized animal experiment examined whether 60 Hz extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) exposure alters oxidative stress-related biomarkers in 75 Wistar rats. The authors report increased lipid peroxidation markers after both single and 14-day exposures, alongside changes in antioxidant-related…

This rat study examined whether 50-Hz extremely low-frequency electric fields at 12 or 18 kV/m for 2 or 4 weeks affect mismatch negativity (MMN) and markers of oxidative damage/apoptosis in brain tissue. MMN amplitude was reported to be significantly reduced only in the 18 kV/m, 4-week exposure group versus the…