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Magnetic Field Measurement of Various Types of Vehicles, Including Electric Vehicles

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This exposure assessment measured magnetic fields inside modern Japanese EVs, PHEVs, and ICEVs during actual driving using methods aligned with IEC 62764-1:2022. All measured magnetic flux density values were reported to be below ICNIRP public exposure reference levels. The study mapped in-cabin field sources and…

Analysis of Human Exposure to Electric and Magnetic Fields While Charging and Driving an Electric Vehicle

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This paper describes planned experimental measurements of electric and magnetic fields generated by electric vehicles during charging and driving. The abstract emphasizes that occupants can experience notable EMF exposure due to proximity to vehicle electrical systems, while stating that specific health risks in the…

Perspectives on terahertz honeybee sensing

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This paper describes measurements and simulations to support terahertz (THz) sensing of European honey bees for environmental monitoring. It reports dielectric characterization of bee body parts across 1–500 GHz, scattering-based validation of 3D-printed bee mockups, and THz imaging demonstrating detailed anatomical…

Greater prevalence of symptoms associated with higher exposures to mobile phone base stations in a hilly, densely populated city in Mizoram, India

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This cross-sectional study compared 183 higher-exposed residents with 126 matched reference residents and assessed symptoms via questionnaire alongside in-home RF-EMF power density measurements from mobile phone base stations. Higher exposure (including proximity within 50 m and power densities of 5–8 mW/m2) was…

A novel approach for assessments of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields exposure in buildings near telecommunication infrastructure

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This paper proposes a new methodology to better assess indoor RF-EMF exposure in buildings near telecommunication base station antennas by refining measurement-point selection. Implemented in four multi-storey buildings in Natal, Brazil, indoor electric field peaks and averages were reported to be substantially…

Effect of elevation on cumulative radiofrequency exposure from multiple communication towers

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This exposure assessment measured RF power density across different floors of a high-rise university building using a spectrum analyser and log-periodic antenna. Power density decreased from the ground to the third floor but peaked on the fourth (top) floor. The 900 MHz band showed the highest reported power density…

Evaluation of Personal Radiation Exposure from Wireless Signals in Indoor and Outdoor Environments

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This exposure assessment measured personal RF electric field strength in multiple indoor and outdoor micro-environments in Malaysia using an ExpoM-RF 4 meter and modeled exposure with machine learning (FCNN, XG Boost) and linear regression. Reported exposures were usually below the stated public limit (61.4 V/m), but…

Auto-Induced Downlink Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure at 3.5 GHz With Focusing Near the Head

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This exposure-assessment study uses FDTD simulations to evaluate auto-induced downlink RF-EMF exposure at 3.5 GHz when downlink energy is focused toward user equipment near the head. Exposure varied substantially by device position (ear, eyes, nose) and by the precoding technique used. The authors report that the…

In-Situ Measurements of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields Measurements Around 5G Macro Base Stations in the UK

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This exposure assessment performed RF spot measurements in line-of-sight to 56 active 5G macro base stations across 30 publicly accessible UK locations. Power density was measured across 420 MHz–6 GHz under multiple scenarios (background, streaming, downlink speed test, and extrapolated SS-RSRP decoding). Reported…

Characterization of the Core Temperature Response of Free-Moving Rats to 1.95 GHz Electromagnetic Fields

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This animal study measured core body temperature in free-moving male and female Sprague Dawley rats during and after 3-hour exposure to 1.95 GHz RF-EMF at multiple whole-body average SAR levels. A measurable thermal response was reported at 4 W/kg, while lower SAR conditions showed smaller or no significant…

Impact of magnetic fields from tablets, laptops, smartphones, and household/leisure magnets on cardiac implantable electronic devices

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This study tested magnetic fields from tablets, laptops, smartphones, and household/leisure magnets against 13 cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) models to assess magnet mode activation. It reports that these consumer devices can trigger magnet mode when in close proximity, with median activation distances…

Bus-exposure matrix, a tool to assess bus drivers' exposure to physicochemical hazards

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This paper describes the development of a Bus-Exposure Matrix (BEM) to retrospectively estimate Swiss bus drivers’ exposures to 10 physicochemical hazards, including electric and magnetic fields. Measurements in representative buses were combined with technical inventories and INLA modeling to estimate annual…

Epidemiological criteria for causation applied to human health harms from RF-EMF exposure: Bradford Hill revisited

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This paper is a commentary reviewing how Bradford Hill’s epidemiological criteria can be applied to multidisciplinary evidence on RF-EMF exposure and adverse health effects. It reports that systematic reviews and meta-analyses in this area often reach substantially different conclusions, and argues that key…

Assessing RF EMF exposure in multiple microenvironments across ten European countries with a focus on 5G

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This exposure assessment measured environmental and auto-induced RF-EMF across more than 800 microenvironments in ten European countries, with a focus on 5G-related bands. Non-user environmental exposure was reported to be below international guideline values and similar to prior European research, while induced…

Deduction of Extrapolation Factors in Realistic Scenarios for In-Situ Assessment of 5G Base Stations

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This conference paper examines extrapolation factors used for in-situ EMF exposure assessment of 5G base stations in realistic indoor and outdoor scenarios. Using both frequency-selective and code-selective measurement approaches under varying traffic conditions, it reports substantial variability in extrapolated…

An approach for annual analysis of EMF exposure in highly sensitive areas of kindergartens and schools

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This paper proposes a time-averaging approach for analyzing long-term EMF exposure using time-series data from three sensors in a regulatory monitoring network. Sensors were installed at two kindergartens and one elementary school, and analyses reported daily/weekly patterns, differences between weekdays and…

Assessment of RF EMF Exposure to Car Driver from Monopole Array Antennas in V2V Communications Considering Thermal Characteristics

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This modeling study assessed RF-EMF exposure from a 5.9 GHz V2V monopole array antenna integrated into a car roof shark-fin antenna. Using COMSOL simulations with an adult male body model inside a vehicle, the authors estimated localized and whole-body SAR and associated core temperature rise over a 30 min averaging…

Assessing EMF Exposure in Greek Urban and Suburban Areas During 5G Deployment: A Focus on 5G EMF Levels and Distance Correlation

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This exposure assessment reports 400 ground-level electric field measurements in Greek urban and suburban areas during 5G deployment. It finds that 4G contributes most to overall measured EMF exposure, while 5G currently contributes less. The study reports an inverse relationship between 3.5 GHz EMF levels and…

Determining the relationship between mobile phone network signal strength and RF-EMF exposure: protocol and pilot study to derive conversion functions

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This protocol and pilot study evaluated whether smartphone signal strength indicators can be converted into RF-EMF exposure estimates using derived formulas and regression models. The study reports a positive log-linear association between LTE RSSI and far-field (base station) exposure aggregated by location, while…

Efficient design of electromagnetic field exposure maps with multi-method evolutionary ensembles

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This engineering/methods study proposes an evolutionary computation approach (PCRO-SL) to optimize the selection of measurement points for constructing RF-EMF exposure maps. Tested on real measurements in Meco (Madrid, Spain), it reports good agreement with a reference exposure map while reducing required sampling…

High Radiofrequency Radiation in the Surroundings of 10 Schools in Örebro, Sweden

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This exposure assessment measured outdoor RF radiation from 4G/5G base stations near 10 schools in Örebro, Sweden (October 2024). The authors report maximum levels of 10,716–68,452 μW/m² and state these are far above EUROPAEM EMF guideline ranges; two locations also showed higher peak readings with a second meter.…

RF-EMF exposure assessment with add-on uplink exposure sensor in different microenvironments in seven European countries

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This exposure assessment study introduces a cost-efficient add-on sensor attached to a smartphone to quantify auto-induced uplink RF-EMF transmission across 100–6000 MHz in multiple microenvironments. Activity-based surveys were conducted in seven European countries under non-user, maximum downlink, and maximum…

The Effect of Proximity Sensor & Grip Sensor Use on Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in Smartphones

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This engineering study examined how smartphone proximity and grip sensors affect SAR during LTE and 5G NR operation in a 3D measurement environment. The abstract reports that enabling these sensors reduces SAR relative to being turned off, with reductions varying by sensor and frequency. The authors attribute the…

Dose Estimation for Indoor Radon, Occupational Radiation, and Electromagnetic Field Exposure in a Nuclear Medicine Department in Turkiye.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This 1-year monitoring study assessed occupational ionizing radiation dose, indoor radon, and EMF-related electric field levels in a nuclear medicine department in Turkiye. Radiation worker doses were tracked with electronic personnel dosimeters, radon was measured at 2-month intervals to estimate annual dose and…

Ambient RF-EMF exposure in surgical operating rooms from telecommunication antennas and Wi-Fi sources.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2025

This exposure assessment characterized ambient RF-EMF levels during surgical operations in 15 operating rooms in two hospitals in Albacete, Spain. Using an exposimeter recording every 5 seconds, 67 procedures (120 h 45 min) were monitored. The highest recorded mean value was on the 2.4 GHz Wi‑Fi band, and all…

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