Perspectives on terahertz honeybee sensing
This paper describes measurements and simulations to support terahertz (THz) sensing of European honey bees for environmental monitoring. It reports dielectric characterization of bee body parts across 1–500 GHz, scattering-based validation of 3D-printed bee mockups, and THz imaging demonstrating detailed anatomical visualization. The work includes dosimetric simulations at 300 GHz to evaluate feasibility of non-invasive, continuous monitoring and notes potential relevance to assessing high-frequency EMF impacts on insect health and habitat safety.
Key points
- Dielectric properties of honey bee body parts were characterized using heterogeneous empirical data across 1–500 GHz.
- 3D-printed honey bee mockups (PA12 and epoxy resin) were compared to real bees using scattering analyses and reported as effective substitutes.
- The study explored radar cross-section, imaging, and spectral properties using THz technologies including RTDs (~250 GHz) and THz-TDS (>250 GHz).
- Imaging with a 450 GHz bandwidth captured fine anatomical details in both real and 3D-printed bees.
- Dosimetric simulations at 300 GHz assessed dosimetry and feasibility for non-invasive, continuous monitoring using a heterogeneous bee model.
- The authors frame the approach as relevant for environmental monitoring and for evaluating potential high-frequency EMF impacts on insect health and habitat safety.
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AI-generated summaries may be incomplete or incorrect. This content is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice.
AI-generated summaries may be incomplete or incorrect. This content is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice.
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