Bus-exposure matrix, a tool to assess bus drivers' exposure to physicochemical hazards
This paper describes the development of a Bus-Exposure Matrix (BEM) to retrospectively estimate Swiss bus drivers’ exposures to 10 physicochemical hazards, including electric and magnetic fields. Measurements in representative buses were combined with technical inventories and INLA modeling to estimate annual exposures from 1985–2022. Reported trends include increasing peak noise and electric-field exposures over time, alongside decreases in several air pollution, vibration, and noise metrics.
Key points
- A bus-exposure matrix was developed for 705 bus models used in Switzerland since 1980.
- The matrix covers 10 hazards, including high- and low-frequency electric fields and low-frequency magnetic fields.
- Static and dynamic measurement campaigns were conducted in 10 representative bus models.
- INLA models were used to extrapolate measured exposures across the full fleet using technical predictors.
- The BEM was linked to occupational histories from a 2022 survey to estimate annual exposures from 1985–2022.
- Peak noise and electric-field exposures were reported to increase over time, while several other hazards decreased.
- The study presents a methodology for retrospective occupational exposure assessment rather than evaluating health effects.
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AI-generated summaries may be incomplete or incorrect. This content is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice.
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