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Low-frequency electromagnetic fields combined with tissue engineering techniques accelerate intervertebral fusion.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2021

This in vitro and rat-model study evaluated sinusoidal low-frequency EMF combined with a PCL/nHA scaffold seeded with BMSCs for intervertebral fusion. The authors report enhanced osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and pro-osteogenic effects of conditioned medium from EMF-treated BMSCs, with suggested involvement of…

Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields promote cognitive function and hippocampal neurogenesis of rats with cerebral ischemia.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2021

This animal study evaluated whether ELF-EMF exposure affects recovery-related outcomes after cerebral ischemia in rats. Rats exposed to 50 Hz, 1 mT ELF-EMF for 2 hours daily over 28 days showed better Morris water maze performance than untreated rats. The study also reports increased hippocampal neurogenesis markers…

Synergistic effect of electromagnetic fields and nanomagnetic particles on osteogenesis through calcium channels and p-ERK signaling.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2021

This in vitro and animal study evaluated whether extremely low frequency EMF exposure (1 mT, 45 Hz, 8 h/day) combined with Fe-based nanomagnetic particles enhances osteogenesis. The authors report no detectable cytotoxicity and increased osteogenic markers/proteins with combined NMP + EMF exposure, alongside…

Effect of Exposure to a Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field on Body Temperature in Anesthetized and Non-Anesthetized Rats.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2020

This animal study examined whether anesthesia and body mass modify body temperature responses to 915 MHz RF exposure at 4 W/kg whole-body SAR for 8 hours. Non-anesthetized, free-moving rats showed no significant temperature change during exposure. In contrast, anesthetized rats showed marked temperature increases,…

The effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure to electromagnetic field on rat ovarian tissue.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2020

This animal study examined prenatal-to-postnatal exposure to a 50-Hz, 3-mT electromagnetic field and ovarian development in female rat offspring. At 42 days of age, the EMF group had higher FSH, lower estradiol, higher iNOS levels/expression, and histological signs of ovarian tissue damage compared with sham. The…

Combined Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields and X-Ray in Renal Tissue and Function.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2020

This animal experiment randomized 96 male Wistar rats to RF-EMF exposures (900/1800 MHz mobile phone or 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi), 8 Gy x-ray, or combinations, and assessed kidney function markers and histopathology. Creatinine was reported significantly higher and the BUN/Cr ratio significantly lower in the Wi-Fi group versus…

Effects of electromagnetic fields treatment on rat critical-sized calvarial defects with a 3D-printed composite scaffold.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2020

This animal and in vitro study evaluated electromagnetic fields (EMF) treatment combined with a 3D-printed PLA/HA scaffold seeded with rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) for cranial defect repair. The authors report that EMF enhanced BMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation and was partly…

Enhancement in the ATP level and antioxidant capacity of under continuous exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field for multiple generations.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2020

This multi-generation animal study exposed worms continuously to 50 Hz, 3 mT extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields and assessed outcomes in the 15th generation. The study reports increased body length, higher ATP content and ATP synthase activity, and upregulated ATP-related gene expression in exposed worms.…

Assessment of function, histopathological changes, and oxidative stress in liver tissue due to ionizing and non-ionizing radiations.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2020

This animal study evaluated liver function, histopathology, and oxidative stress markers after exposure to RF-EMF (900/1800 MHz and 2.4 GHz), x-rays (10 cGy or 8 Gy), and combinations including RF-EMF pre-exposure. Some liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP) showed some association with irradiation, while…

Low-frequency electromagnetic fields promote hair follicles regeneration by injection a mixture of epidermal stem cells and dermal papilla cells.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2020

This animal study evaluated whether low-frequency EMF exposure affects bioengineered hair follicle generation in nude mice injected with a mixture of epidermal stem cells and dermal papilla cells. Histology (H&E) at 7 or 14 days suggested more hair follicle eruption and higher density of hair follicle-like structures…

Radiofrequency electromagnetic field affects heart rate variability in rabbits.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2020

This double-blind animal study examined whether RF EMF exposure slightly exceeding occupational limits affects heart rate variability in rabbits. Across two exposure setups (device-generated RF and real base-station downlink signals), the authors report increased HRV indices (HF-HRV and rMSSD) alongside lower heart…

Protective effect of crocin on electromagnetic field-induced testicular damage and heat shock protein A2 expression in male BALB/c mice.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2020

This animal study exposed male BALB/c mice to 2100 MHz EMF and assessed reproductive and hormonal outcomes, including sperm parameters, testicular histology, HspA2 immunoreactivity, and apoptosis. EMF exposure was associated with increased testicular apoptosis, increased abnormal sperm, and increased HspA2…

Effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure on the skeletal muscle functions in rats.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2020

This rat study examined chronic extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure and diaphragm muscle function and structure. Rats were exposed to 50 Hz, 1.5 mT for 4 hours daily for up to 7 months and assessed with electrophysiological, biochemical, and electron-microscopy measures. The authors…

Infected Ixodes ricinus ticks are attracted by electromagnetic radiation of 900 MHz.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2020

This animal study tested whether Ixodes ricinus ticks show behavioral responses to 900 MHz radio-frequency electromagnetic fields in a radiation-shielded tube. Ticks were attracted to the irradiated area, and the attraction was reported as stronger among ticks infected with Rickettsia spp. The authors raise the…

Antimicrobial activity of rosemary leaf extracts and efficacy of ethanol extract against testicular damage caused by 50-Hz electromagnetic field in albino rats.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2020

This animal study exposed male albino rats to a 50 Hz electromagnetic field for 2 or 4 hours and assessed reproductive hormones, oxidative stress markers, and testicular histology after 30 days. The abstract reports that EMF exposure reduced serum FSH, testosterone, and LH and catalase activity, while increasing…

Lipidomic alteration and stress-defense mechanism of soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans in response to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2019

This animal (nematode) study exposed Caenorhabditis elegans to 50 Hz, 3 mT extremely low-frequency EMF and assessed multi-omics responses. The authors report significant lipidomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic alterations, including increased triacylglycerols. Pathway analyses suggest disrupted lipid metabolism,…

Effect of Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Expression of T-bet and GATA-3 Genes and Serum Interferon-γ and Interleukin-4.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2019

This rat study examined 50 Hz ELF-EMF exposure (1–2000 μT) for 60 days and measured Th-related gene expression and cytokines in an HSA-stimulated immune model. Splenic T-bet and GATA-3 mRNA expression decreased at 1 and 100 μT. Serum IFN-γ and IL-4 were significantly decreased in the 100 μT group only before HSA…

Electromagnetic field treatment increases purinergic receptor P2X7 expression and activates its downstream Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin axis in mesenchymal stem cells under osteogenic induction.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2019

This study examined how electromagnetic field (EMF) treatment influences osteogenic differentiation mechanisms in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and tested a combined therapy in an ovariectomized rat osteoporosis model. The authors report that EMF exposure increased P2X7 receptor expression during…

The combinatory effect of sinusoidal electromagnetic field and VEGF promotes osteogenesis and angiogenesis of mesenchymal stem cell-laden PCL/HA implants in a rat subcritical cranial defect.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2019

This animal and in vitro study evaluated sinusoidal electromagnetic field (SEMF) exposure combined with VEGF in rat mesenchymal stem cells and in a rat cranial defect model using rBMSC-laden PCL/HA scaffolds. The authors report increased osteogenic and endothelial marker expression with SEMF and VEGF, with a slight…

Effects of 5-HT and 5-HT Receptor Agonists on Electromagnetic Field-Induced Analgesia in Rats.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2019

This animal study examined whether serotonergic signaling modifies analgesia associated with repeated ELF electromagnetic field exposure. Sixty-six male Wistar rats were exposed to 50 Hz, 5 mT for 2 hours/day over 15 days and then received 5-HT agonists or antagonists before analgesia testing. Agonists increased,…

Ca2+ and CACNA1H mediate targeted suppression of breast cancer brain metastasis by AM RF EMF

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2019

This study describes a therapeutic use of athermal, amplitude-modulated RF EMF (27.12 MHz) at breast cancer-specific frequencies to target breast cancer brain metastases. The abstract reports tumor growth suppression in animal models and durable regression in one patient with triple negative breast cancer brain…

Long-Term Study on the Effects of Housing C57BL/6NCrl Mice in Cages Equipped With Wireless Technology Generating Extremely Low-Intensity Electromagnetic Fields.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2019

This animal study characterized electromagnetic fields generated by digitally ventilated mouse cages with wireless monitoring technology and assessed clinicopathological outcomes over up to 1 year. DVC produced extremely low-intensity electric fields across a wide frequency range (5 Hz to 3 GHz). The authors report…

Correlation between the Lunar Phase and Tail-Lifting Behavior of Lizards () Exposed to an Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2019

This animal study examined long-term tail-lifting behavior in agamid lizards exposed to an ELF electromagnetic field (6 and 8 Hz; peak magnetic field 2.6 µT; peak electric field 10 V/m) versus controls, incorporating lunar phase and geomagnetic activity (K index) as explanatory variables. Regression analyses found…

Altered morphology and biochemistry of the female rat liver following 900 megahertz electromagnetic field exposure during mid to late adolescence.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2019

This animal study examined whether 900 MHz EMF exposure during mid to late adolescence affects the liver in female rats. Compared with control and sham groups, the exposed group showed occasional liver histopathological irregularities. The exposed group also had significantly decreased 8-OHdG and SOD levels, and the…

Evaluation of the neuroprotective effects of electromagnetic fields and coenzyme Q on hippocampal injury in mouse.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2019

This animal study tested whether 50 Hz EMF exposure and/or CoQ10 could protect against TMT-induced hippocampal injury in mature female mice. CoQ10 and CoQ10+EMF were associated with improved spatial memory and reduced histological markers of cell death, alongside increased antiapoptotic markers. EMF alone reportedly…

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