Evaluation of oxidative stress and genotoxicity of 900 MHz electromagnetic radiations using Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) test system

Abstract

Evaluation of oxidative stress and genotoxicity of 900 MHz electromagnetic radiations using Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) test system Surbhi Sharma, Shalini Bahel, Jatinder Kaur Katnoria. Evaluation of oxidative stress and genotoxicity of 900 MHz electromagnetic radiations using Trigonella foenum-graecum test system. Protoplasma. 2022 May 11. doi: 10.1007/s00709-022-01768-9. Abstract Unprecedented growth in the communication sector and expanded usage of the number of wireless devices in the past few decades have resulted in a tremendous increase in emissions of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiations (EMRs) in the environment. The widespread EMRs have induced many significant changes in biological systems leading to oxidative stress as well as DNA damage. Considering this, the present study was planned to study the effects of EMRs at 900 MHz frequency with the power density of 10.0 dBm (0.01 W) at variable exposure periods (0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, and 8 h per day for 7 days) on percentage germination, morphological characteristics, protein content, lipid peroxidation in terms of malondialdehyde content (MDA), and antioxidant defense system of Trigonella foenum-graecum test system. The genotoxicity was also evaluated using similar conditions. It was observed that EMRs significantly decreased the germination percentage at an exposure time of 4 h and 8 h. Fresh weight and dry weight of root and shoot did not show significant variations, while the root and shoot length have shown significant variations for 4 h and 8 h exposure period. Further, EMRs enhanced MDA indicating lipid peroxidation. In response to exposure of EMRs, there was a significant up-regulation in the activities of enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), and glutathione reductase (GR) in the roots and shoots of Trigonella-foenum graecum. The genotoxicity study showed the induction of chromosomal aberrations in root tip cells of the Trigonella foenum-graecum test system. The present study revealed the induction of oxidative stress and genotoxicity of EMRs exposure in the test system. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Exposure to 900 MHz EMRs (power density reported as 10.0 dBm (0.01 W)) decreased germination percentage at 4 h and 8 h exposure durations and produced significant changes in root and shoot length at 4 h and 8 h, while fresh and dry weights did not vary significantly. EMR exposure increased MDA and was associated with up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes (APX, SOD, GST, POD, GR) in roots and shoots. Genotoxicity assessment reported induction of chromosomal aberrations in root tip cells.

Outcomes measured

• Germination percentage
• Morphological characteristics (fresh weight, dry weight, root length, shoot length)
• Protein content
• Lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA)
• Antioxidant enzyme activities (APX, SOD, GST, POD, GR)
• Genotoxicity (chromosomal aberrations in root tip cells)

Limitations

• Sample size not reported in abstract
• Exposure metric is described as 'power density of 10.0 dBm (0.01 W)' without additional dosimetry details (e.g., field strength, SAR)
• Study is in a plant test system; generalizability to humans not addressed in abstract

{
    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "RF",
        "source": "wireless devices (environmental EMRs)",
        "frequency_mhz": 900,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, and 8 h per day for 7 days"
    },
    "population": "Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) test system (plants; root/shoot; root tip cells)",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Germination percentage",
        "Morphological characteristics (fresh weight, dry weight, root length, shoot length)",
        "Protein content",
        "Lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA)",
        "Antioxidant enzyme activities (APX, SOD, GST, POD, GR)",
        "Genotoxicity (chromosomal aberrations in root tip cells)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Exposure to 900 MHz EMRs (power density reported as 10.0 dBm (0.01 W)) decreased germination percentage at 4 h and 8 h exposure durations and produced significant changes in root and shoot length at 4 h and 8 h, while fresh and dry weights did not vary significantly. EMR exposure increased MDA and was associated with up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes (APX, SOD, GST, POD, GR) in roots and shoots. Genotoxicity assessment reported induction of chromosomal aberrations in root tip cells.",
    "effect_direction": "harm",
    "limitations": [
        "Sample size not reported in abstract",
        "Exposure metric is described as 'power density of 10.0 dBm (0.01 W)' without additional dosimetry details (e.g., field strength, SAR)",
        "Study is in a plant test system; generalizability to humans not addressed in abstract"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "900 MHz",
        "electromagnetic radiations",
        "non-ionizing",
        "oxidative stress",
        "lipid peroxidation",
        "MDA",
        "antioxidant enzymes",
        "APX",
        "SOD",
        "GST",
        "POD",
        "GR",
        "genotoxicity",
        "chromosomal aberrations",
        "Trigonella foenum-graecum",
        "fenugreek"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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