Intermittent ELF-MF Induce an Amplitude-Window Effect on Umbilical Cord Blood Lymphocytes

PAPER manual 2022 In vitro study Effect: mixed Evidence: Low

Read original paper → DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214391 Evidence Lab

Abstract

Intermittent ELF-MF Induce an Amplitude-Window Effect on Umbilical Cord Blood Lymphocytes Zastko L, Makinistian L, Tvarožná A, Belyaev I. Intermittent ELF-MF Induce an Amplitude-Window Effect on Umbilical Cord Blood Lymphocytes. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(22):14391. Published 2022 Nov 19. doi:10.3390/ijms232214391 Abstract In a previous study of the effects of intermittent extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields (MF) on umbilical cord blood lymphocytes (UCBL), we evaluated MF amplitudes between 6 µT and 24 µT and found an effect only for those below 13 µT. This suggested the existence of an amplitude window. In this brief communication, we further tested this hypothesis. UCBLs from healthy newborns were isolated and exposed for 72 h to an intermittent ELF-MF (triangular, 7.8 Hz, 250 s ON/250 s OFF) with 6 different amplitudes between 3 µT and 12 µT, utilizing an oblong coil. Percentage of viable, early apoptotic (EA), and late apoptotic/necrotic (LAN) cells were determined by flow cytometry. Moreover, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined at 1 h and 3 h of the exposure. Like in our previous work, neither EA, nor LAN, nor ROS were statistically significantly affected by the intermittent ELF-MF. However, the percentage of viable cells was decreased by exposure to the fields with intensities of 6.5 µT and 12 µT (p < 0.05; and p = 0.057 for 8.5 µT). ELF-MF decreased the percentage of viable cells for fields down to 6.5 µT, but not for 5 µT, 4 µT, or 3 µT. Combined with our previous findings, the results reported here indicate an amplitude window effect between 6 µT and 13 µT. The obtained data are in line with a notion of amplitude and frequency windows, which request scanning of both amplitude and frequency while studying the ELF-MF effects. Open access paper: mdpi.com

AI evidence extraction

At a glance

Study type

In vitro study

Effect direction

mixed

Population

Umbilical cord blood lymphocytes (UCBL) from healthy newborns

Sample size

—

Exposure

ELF · 72 h (intermittent 250 s ON/250 s OFF); ROS measured at 1 h and 3 h

Evidence strength

Low

Confidence: 78% · Peer-reviewed: yes

Main findings

UCBLs were exposed to an intermittent triangular ELF magnetic field at 7.8 Hz with amplitudes between 3 µT and 12 µT. EA, LAN, and ROS were not statistically significantly affected. Viable cell percentage decreased at 6.5 µT and 12 µT (p<0.05), with p=0.057 at 8.5 µT; no decrease was reported at 5 µT, 4 µT, or 3 µT, consistent with an amplitude window effect (reported as between 6 µT and 13 µT when combined with prior findings).

Outcomes measured

Cell viability (%)
Early apoptotic (EA) cells (%)
Late apoptotic/necrotic (LAN) cells (%)
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) at 1 h and 3 h

Limitations

Sample size not reported in abstract
In vitro study; generalizability to humans not established in abstract
Statistical details beyond select p-values not provided in abstract

View raw extracted JSON

{
    "study_type": "in_vitro",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "ELF",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "72 h (intermittent 250 s ON/250 s OFF); ROS measured at 1 h and 3 h"
    },
    "population": "Umbilical cord blood lymphocytes (UCBL) from healthy newborns",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Cell viability (%)",
        "Early apoptotic (EA) cells (%)",
        "Late apoptotic/necrotic (LAN) cells (%)",
        "Reactive oxygen species (ROS) at 1 h and 3 h"
    ],
    "main_findings": "UCBLs were exposed to an intermittent triangular ELF magnetic field at 7.8 Hz with amplitudes between 3 µT and 12 µT. EA, LAN, and ROS were not statistically significantly affected. Viable cell percentage decreased at 6.5 µT and 12 µT (p<0.05), with p=0.057 at 8.5 µT; no decrease was reported at 5 µT, 4 µT, or 3 µT, consistent with an amplitude window effect (reported as between 6 µT and 13 µT when combined with prior findings).",
    "effect_direction": "mixed",
    "limitations": [
        "Sample size not reported in abstract",
        "In vitro study; generalizability to humans not established in abstract",
        "Statistical details beyond select p-values not provided in abstract"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "extremely low frequency",
        "ELF-MF",
        "magnetic field",
        "intermittent exposure",
        "amplitude window",
        "frequency window",
        "umbilical cord blood lymphocytes",
        "cell viability",
        "apoptosis",
        "reactive oxygen species",
        "flow cytometry",
        "7.8 Hz",
        "microtesla"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract/metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This content is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice.

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