[Influence of microwave radiation on synaptic structure and function of hippocampus in Wistar rats].

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of microwave radiation on synaptic structure, characteristic of synaptosome, the contents and release of neurotransmitters in hippocampus in Wistar rats. METHODS: Wistar rats were exposed to microwave radiation with average power density of 30 mW/cm(2). Electron telescope was used to study the change of the synaptic structure at 6 h after radiation and to identify synaptosome. Flow cytometry and electron spin resonance were used to study the change of the concentration of Ca(2+) in synapse and the fluidity of membrane proteins of synaptosome. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrophotometer were used to study the changes of contents and release of amino acids and acetylcholine in hippocampus. RESULTS: Microwave radiation of 30 mW/cm(2) caused deposits of synapse vesicle, elongation of active zone, the increase of thickness of postsynaptic density (PSD) and curvature, and perforation of synapse. The concentration of Ca(2+) in synapse (P<0.01) and tc of membrane proteins (P<0.01) of synaptosome increased contents of glutamic acid and glycine (P<0.01) and release of GABA increased the increase of contents and release of acetylcholine, and activity of acetyl cholinesterase (P<0.01) increased. CONCLUSION: Microwave radiation can induce the injure of synaptic structure and function of hippocampus, and then induce the disorder of the ability of learning and memory in rats.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Rats exposed to microwave radiation at an average power density of 30 mW/cm(2) showed synaptic ultrastructural alterations in the hippocampus at 6 h post-exposure (including synaptic vesicle deposits, active zone elongation, increased postsynaptic density thickness/curvature, and synapse perforation). Synaptic Ca(2+) concentration and synaptosome membrane protein tc increased (P<0.01), and changes were reported in neurotransmitter contents/release (including increased glutamic acid and glycine contents, increased GABA release, and increased acetylcholine content/release and acetylcholinesterase activity; P<0.01).

Outcomes measured

• Hippocampal synaptic ultrastructure changes (e.g., synaptic vesicle deposits, active zone elongation, postsynaptic density thickness/curvature, synapse perforation)
• Synaptosome characteristics
• Synaptic Ca(2+) concentration
• Membrane protein fluidity of synaptosome (tc)
• Neurotransmitter contents in hippocampus (amino acids; acetylcholine)
• Neurotransmitter release (amino acids; acetylcholine)
• Acetylcholinesterase activity
• Learning and memory ability (mentioned as inferred consequence)

Limitations

• Sample size not reported in abstract
• Exposure frequency and duration not reported (only average power density given)
• Functional learning/memory outcomes are stated in the conclusion but specific behavioral testing results are not described in the abstract
• Timing of assessments appears limited (synaptic structure assessed at 6 h after radiation)

Suggested hubs

• animal-studies (0.9)
  Experimental microwave exposure study in Wistar rats assessing hippocampal synaptic outcomes.

{
    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "microwave",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": null
    },
    "population": "Wistar rats",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Hippocampal synaptic ultrastructure changes (e.g., synaptic vesicle deposits, active zone elongation, postsynaptic density thickness/curvature, synapse perforation)",
        "Synaptosome characteristics",
        "Synaptic Ca(2+) concentration",
        "Membrane protein fluidity of synaptosome (tc)",
        "Neurotransmitter contents in hippocampus (amino acids; acetylcholine)",
        "Neurotransmitter release (amino acids; acetylcholine)",
        "Acetylcholinesterase activity",
        "Learning and memory ability (mentioned as inferred consequence)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Rats exposed to microwave radiation at an average power density of 30 mW/cm(2) showed synaptic ultrastructural alterations in the hippocampus at 6 h post-exposure (including synaptic vesicle deposits, active zone elongation, increased postsynaptic density thickness/curvature, and synapse perforation). Synaptic Ca(2+) concentration and synaptosome membrane protein tc increased (P<0.01), and changes were reported in neurotransmitter contents/release (including increased glutamic acid and glycine contents, increased GABA release, and increased acetylcholine content/release and acetylcholinesterase activity; P<0.01).",
    "effect_direction": "harm",
    "limitations": [
        "Sample size not reported in abstract",
        "Exposure frequency and duration not reported (only average power density given)",
        "Functional learning/memory outcomes are stated in the conclusion but specific behavioral testing results are not described in the abstract",
        "Timing of assessments appears limited (synaptic structure assessed at 6 h after radiation)"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "microwave radiation",
        "hippocampus",
        "synapse",
        "synaptosome",
        "calcium",
        "membrane protein fluidity",
        "glutamic acid",
        "glycine",
        "GABA",
        "acetylcholine",
        "acetylcholinesterase",
        "Wistar rats"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
        {
            "slug": "animal-studies",
            "weight": 0.90000000000000002220446049250313080847263336181640625,
            "reason": "Experimental microwave exposure study in Wistar rats assessing hippocampal synaptic outcomes."
        }
    ]
}

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