Low power density microwave radiation induced early changes in rabbit lens epithelial cells.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether low power density microwave radiation can induce irreversible changes in rabbit lens epithelial cells (LECs) and the mechanisms of the changes. METHODS: One eye of each rabbit was exposed to 5 mW/cm2 or 10 mW/cm2 power density microwaves for 3 hours, while the contralateral eye served as a control. Annexin V-propidium iodide (PI) two-color flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect the early changes in rabbit lens epithelial cells after radiation. RESULTS: Lots of rabbit LECs were in the initial phase of apoptosis in the 5 mW/cm2 microwave radiation group. A large number of cells became secondary necrotic cells, and severe damage could be found in the group exposed to 10 mW/cm2 microwave radiation. CONCLUSION: Low power densities of microwave radiation (5 mW/cm2 and 10 mW/cm2) can induce irreversible damage to rabbit LECs. This may be the non-thermal effect of microwave radiation.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

After 3 hours of exposure, many rabbit lens epithelial cells were in the initial phase of apoptosis at 5 mW/cm2. At 10 mW/cm2, a large number of cells became secondary necrotic cells and severe damage was observed. The authors conclude these low power densities can induce irreversible damage to rabbit lens epithelial cells.

Outcomes measured

• Apoptosis (initial phase; Annexin V/PI flow cytometry)
• Secondary necrosis
• Cell damage/irreversible damage in lens epithelial cells

Limitations

• Microwave frequency not reported in abstract
• Sample size not reported in abstract
• Only short-term/early cellular changes assessed after a single 3-hour exposure
• Outcome measures limited to Annexin V/PI flow cytometry indicators of apoptosis/necrosis

{
    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "microwave",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "3 hours"
    },
    "population": "Rabbits (lens epithelial cells; one eye exposed, contralateral eye control)",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Apoptosis (initial phase; Annexin V/PI flow cytometry)",
        "Secondary necrosis",
        "Cell damage/irreversible damage in lens epithelial cells"
    ],
    "main_findings": "After 3 hours of exposure, many rabbit lens epithelial cells were in the initial phase of apoptosis at 5 mW/cm2. At 10 mW/cm2, a large number of cells became secondary necrotic cells and severe damage was observed. The authors conclude these low power densities can induce irreversible damage to rabbit lens epithelial cells.",
    "effect_direction": "harm",
    "limitations": [
        "Microwave frequency not reported in abstract",
        "Sample size not reported in abstract",
        "Only short-term/early cellular changes assessed after a single 3-hour exposure",
        "Outcome measures limited to Annexin V/PI flow cytometry indicators of apoptosis/necrosis"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "microwave radiation",
        "low power density",
        "rabbit",
        "lens epithelial cells",
        "apoptosis",
        "necrosis",
        "Annexin V",
        "propidium iodide",
        "flow cytometry"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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