Effects of 2.45-GHz microwave radiation and phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer in mice.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 2.45 GHz microwave (MW) radiation on dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon cancer in mice. The subjects were 115 Balb/c mice 4 weeks of age. The animals were divided into group A (control), group B (DMH), group C (DMH+MW), and group D [DMH + 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13- acetate (TPA)]. Radiation (10 mW/cm2) was delivered dorsally with the E field parallel to the mouse's long body axis in an anechoic chamber. Radiations were administered 3 hr daily, 6 days per week, over a period of 5 months. The average SAR was estimated to be 10-12 W/kg. During the course of radiation treatments, DMH was injected once per week. The tumor promoter TPA was administered once per week for 10 weeks, from the third week on, after the initial treatment. The incidence of tumors did not significantly differ between the three test groups (groups B, C, and D; P > 0.25). However, the number of tumors, the size of the tumors, and the incidence of protuberant and infiltrative types in tumor-bearing animals were higher in group D compared to groups B and C (P < 0.05). No difference was found between groups B and C (P > 0.25). The study indicates that 2.45 GHz microwave radiation at 10 mW/cm2 power density did not promote DMH-induced colon cancers in young mice. The study also showed that TPA could accelerate colon tumor production if a tumor was initiated.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

In DMH-initiated mice, tumor incidence did not significantly differ among DMH-only, DMH+microwave, and DMH+TPA groups (P > 0.25). No differences were found between DMH-only and DMH+microwave groups for tumor incidence and other reported tumor measures (P > 0.25), while the DMH+TPA group had higher tumor number, larger tumors, and higher incidence of protuberant/infiltrative types compared with DMH-only and DMH+microwave (P < 0.05).

Outcomes measured

• Colon tumor incidence
• Number of tumors
• Tumor size
• Tumor morphology (protuberant and infiltrative types)

Limitations

• Average SAR was estimated (10–12 W/kg) rather than directly measured (as stated).
• Animal model with chemically induced tumors (DMH), which may limit generalizability to other contexts.

{
    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "microwave",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": 2450,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "3 hr daily, 6 days/week, for 5 months"
    },
    "population": "Balb/c mice (4 weeks old)",
    "sample_size": 115,
    "outcomes": [
        "Colon tumor incidence",
        "Number of tumors",
        "Tumor size",
        "Tumor morphology (protuberant and infiltrative types)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "In DMH-initiated mice, tumor incidence did not significantly differ among DMH-only, DMH+microwave, and DMH+TPA groups (P > 0.25). No differences were found between DMH-only and DMH+microwave groups for tumor incidence and other reported tumor measures (P > 0.25), while the DMH+TPA group had higher tumor number, larger tumors, and higher incidence of protuberant/infiltrative types compared with DMH-only and DMH+microwave (P < 0.05).",
    "effect_direction": "no_effect",
    "limitations": [
        "Average SAR was estimated (10–12 W/kg) rather than directly measured (as stated).",
        "Animal model with chemically induced tumors (DMH), which may limit generalizability to other contexts."
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "2.45 GHz",
        "microwave radiation",
        "SAR",
        "10 mW/cm2",
        "dimethylhydrazine",
        "DMH",
        "colon cancer",
        "mice",
        "tumor promotion",
        "TPA"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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