Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV): potentiation of lethality in mice by microwave radiation.

Abstract

The expression of Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) lethality in mice requires entry of the virus into the central nervous system. This entry is presumably through the capillary endothelial cells (CEC), because entry between CECs is inhibited by bands of circumferential tight-junctions. A viremic stage occurs during the first 4 to 5 days after JEV administration in mice, and both microwave radiation (2.45-GHz, continuous wave, 10-min exposure) and hypercarbia were employed to increase CEC permeability to JEV. Exposure to microwaves at power densities of 10-50 mW/cm2 resulted in a dose-dependent increase in JEV-induced lethality. Mice did not become tolerant or sensitized to microwave potentiation of JEV-induced mortality because 4 daily exposures at 10 or 50 mW/cm2 (SARS, approximately 24-98 W/kg) did not alter the lethality pattern to subsequent microwave radiation of JEV-exposed animals. Similarly, hypercarbia (5, 10, and 20% CO2) was observed to produce a dose-dependent increase in JEV-induced lethality. Both microwave radiation and hypercarbia are thought to promote pinocytosis in CNS capillary endothelial cells. This may be one mechanism by which they enhance JEV-induced lethality in adult Swiss-Cox mice.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

In mice administered Japanese encephalitis virus, 2.45-GHz continuous-wave microwave exposure (10 min) at 10–50 mW/cm2 produced a dose-dependent increase in JEV-induced lethality. Four daily exposures at 10 or 50 mW/cm2 (SARS approximately 24–98 W/kg) did not change the lethality pattern to subsequent microwave radiation in JEV-exposed animals.

Outcomes measured

• JEV-induced lethality/mortality

Limitations

• Sample size not reported in abstract.
• Details of randomization/blinding and control conditions not described in abstract.
• Mechanistic interpretation (e.g., pinocytosis/CEC permeability) is stated as a hypothesis in the abstract.

Suggested hubs

• rf-microwave-animal-studies (0.9)
  Animal experiment assessing 2.45 GHz microwave exposure effects on lethality in mice.

{
    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "microwave",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": 2450,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "continuous wave; 10-min exposure; also 4 daily exposures at 10 or 50 mW/cm2"
    },
    "population": "Adult Swiss-Cox mice",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "JEV-induced lethality/mortality"
    ],
    "main_findings": "In mice administered Japanese encephalitis virus, 2.45-GHz continuous-wave microwave exposure (10 min) at 10–50 mW/cm2 produced a dose-dependent increase in JEV-induced lethality. Four daily exposures at 10 or 50 mW/cm2 (SARS approximately 24–98 W/kg) did not change the lethality pattern to subsequent microwave radiation in JEV-exposed animals.",
    "effect_direction": "harm",
    "limitations": [
        "Sample size not reported in abstract.",
        "Details of randomization/blinding and control conditions not described in abstract.",
        "Mechanistic interpretation (e.g., pinocytosis/CEC permeability) is stated as a hypothesis in the abstract."
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "Japanese encephalitis virus",
        "mice",
        "microwave radiation",
        "2.45 GHz",
        "continuous wave",
        "power density",
        "SAR",
        "capillary endothelial cells",
        "blood-brain barrier permeability",
        "lethality",
        "hypercarbia"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
        {
            "slug": "rf-microwave-animal-studies",
            "weight": 0.90000000000000002220446049250313080847263336181640625,
            "reason": "Animal experiment assessing 2.45 GHz microwave exposure effects on lethality in mice."
        }
    ]
}

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