Exposure of fertile chicken eggs to microwave radiation (2.45 GHz, CW) during incubation: technique and evaluation.

Abstract

A multi-mode cavity constructed of 22-gauge perforated galvanized steel with a horn irradiator was used to expose chicken embryos to microwave (MW) radiation during incubation. The MW exposure system was placed within an environmental chamber. Mean +/- standard error of mean (SEM) power level was 3.6 +/- 0.02 mW/cm2 and mean egg specific absorption rate was 0.8 mW/g per mW/cm2. Mean temperature of the MW-exposed eggs was 37.5 +/- 0.9 degrees C as monitored by a Luxtron fluoroptic thermometer. Non-irradiated eggs were incubated at 37.5 +/- 0.1 degrees C and 55% relative humidity. There was no significant different in percent fertile eggs hatched between eggs exposed to MW radiation during incubation or eggs incubated conventionally (82.9% and 87.7%, respectively).

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Chicken embryos were exposed to continuous-wave 2.45 GHz microwave radiation during incubation (mean power density 3.6 mW/cm2; mean egg SAR 0.8 mW/g per mW/cm2). There was no significant difference in percent fertile eggs hatched between microwave-exposed eggs and conventionally incubated eggs (82.9% vs 87.7%).

Outcomes measured

• Percent fertile eggs hatched (hatch rate)
• Egg temperature during incubation

Limitations

• Sample size not reported in the abstract.
• Statistical details (e.g., p-values, confidence intervals) not provided in the abstract.
• Outcomes appear limited to hatch rate and temperature; other developmental endpoints not described in the abstract.

{
    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "microwave",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": 2450,
        "sar_wkg": 0.8000000000000000444089209850062616169452667236328125,
        "duration": "during incubation"
    },
    "population": "fertile chicken eggs (chicken embryos)",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Percent fertile eggs hatched (hatch rate)",
        "Egg temperature during incubation"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Chicken embryos were exposed to continuous-wave 2.45 GHz microwave radiation during incubation (mean power density 3.6 mW/cm2; mean egg SAR 0.8 mW/g per mW/cm2). There was no significant difference in percent fertile eggs hatched between microwave-exposed eggs and conventionally incubated eggs (82.9% vs 87.7%).",
    "effect_direction": "no_effect",
    "limitations": [
        "Sample size not reported in the abstract.",
        "Statistical details (e.g., p-values, confidence intervals) not provided in the abstract.",
        "Outcomes appear limited to hatch rate and temperature; other developmental endpoints not described in the abstract."
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "chicken embryos",
        "fertile eggs",
        "incubation",
        "microwave radiation",
        "2.45 GHz",
        "continuous wave",
        "power density",
        "specific absorption rate",
        "hatch rate",
        "temperature monitoring"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

Comments

Log in to comment.

No comments yet.