Transbilayer movement of 24Na in sonicated phosphatidylcholine vesicles exposed to frequency-modulated microwave radiation.

Abstract

Sonicated egg phosphatidylcholine vesicles loaded with 24Na+ were exposed at 20mW to a frequency-modulated (3 Hz) microwave field in the range of 2350 to 2550 MHz, or at 80 mW to a 2450-MHz CW (continuous wave) field, in a waveguide. The vesicle suspension absorbed microwaves at about 1 mW/ml and 25 mW/ml (CW experiment). The average temperature change of the irradiated suspension was less than 0.1 degree C from ambient. Leakage of 24Na+ from the vesicles for up to 19 hours was measured. No difference was noted in the movement of 24Na+ from the vesicles in the irradiated and control dispersions.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Sonicated egg phosphatidylcholine vesicles loaded with 24Na+ were exposed to frequency-modulated microwaves (3 Hz) in the 2350–2550 MHz range at 20 mW, or to 2450 MHz continuous-wave microwaves at 80 mW. Leakage of 24Na+ measured for up to 19 hours showed no difference between irradiated and control dispersions; reported average temperature change was <0.1°C.

Outcomes measured

• Transbilayer movement/leakage of 24Na+ from sonicated egg phosphatidylcholine vesicles

Limitations

• Sample size not reported in abstract.
• Exposure metrics reported as incident power and absorbed power per volume; SAR not provided.
• In vitro vesicle model; generalizability to biological tissues not addressed in abstract.

{
    "study_type": "in_vitro",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "microwave",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": 2450,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "up to 19 hours"
    },
    "population": null,
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Transbilayer movement/leakage of 24Na+ from sonicated egg phosphatidylcholine vesicles"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Sonicated egg phosphatidylcholine vesicles loaded with 24Na+ were exposed to frequency-modulated microwaves (3 Hz) in the 2350–2550 MHz range at 20 mW, or to 2450 MHz continuous-wave microwaves at 80 mW. Leakage of 24Na+ measured for up to 19 hours showed no difference between irradiated and control dispersions; reported average temperature change was <0.1°C.",
    "effect_direction": "no_effect",
    "limitations": [
        "Sample size not reported in abstract.",
        "Exposure metrics reported as incident power and absorbed power per volume; SAR not provided.",
        "In vitro vesicle model; generalizability to biological tissues not addressed in abstract."
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "microwave radiation",
        "frequency-modulated",
        "continuous wave",
        "2450 MHz",
        "2350–2550 MHz",
        "phosphatidylcholine vesicles",
        "24Na",
        "leakage",
        "waveguide",
        "temperature change"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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