Effect of microwave radiation on the stability of frozen cefoxitin sodium solution in plastic bags.

PAPER pubmed American journal of hospital pharmacy 1981 Other Effect: no_effect Evidence: Low

Read original paper → PMID: 7304629 Evidence Lab

Abstract

The effect of microwave radiation on the stability of frozen cefoxitin sodium solutions was investigated. The i.v. fluids used as vehicles for the 1-g admixtures of cefoxitin sodium were 5% dextrose injection and 0.9% sodium chloride injection in 50-ml and 100-ml polyvinyl chloride flexible containers. The antibiotic small-volume parenteral solutions were frozen at -20 degrees C for 72 hours and thawed by microwave radiation. Before and after the freeze-thaw process, the solutions were observed for changes in appearance with a light and dark field visual surveillance technique. In addition, pH determinations were made with a microprocessor ionanalyzer, and high-performance liquid chromatographic determinations of concentration were performed. No significant drug concentration changes were detected and no visible changes were observed. The pH changes were minimal. Microwave radiation can reduce thawing time of antibiotic admixtures. In this study, the stability of cefoxitin sodium solutions was not affected by the freeze-thaw process.

AI evidence extraction

At a glance

Study type

Other

Effect direction

no_effect

Population

—

Sample size

—

Exposure

microwave microwave radiation (thawing) · used to thaw after 72 hours frozen at -20°C

Evidence strength

Low

Confidence: 74% · Peer-reviewed: yes

Main findings

Frozen cefoxitin sodium admixtures thawed by microwave radiation showed no significant changes in drug concentration, no visible appearance changes, and only minimal pH changes before vs after the freeze-thaw process.

Outcomes measured

Drug concentration (HPLC)
Appearance/visible changes (light and dark field visual surveillance)
pH

Limitations

Microwave exposure parameters (e.g., frequency, power, duration) not reported in abstract
Sample size not reported in abstract
Study evaluates pharmaceutical stability rather than biological/health outcomes

View raw extracted JSON

{
    "study_type": "other",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "microwave",
        "source": "microwave radiation (thawing)",
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "used to thaw after 72 hours frozen at -20°C"
    },
    "population": null,
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Drug concentration (HPLC)",
        "Appearance/visible changes (light and dark field visual surveillance)",
        "pH"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Frozen cefoxitin sodium admixtures thawed by microwave radiation showed no significant changes in drug concentration, no visible appearance changes, and only minimal pH changes before vs after the freeze-thaw process.",
    "effect_direction": "no_effect",
    "limitations": [
        "Microwave exposure parameters (e.g., frequency, power, duration) not reported in abstract",
        "Sample size not reported in abstract",
        "Study evaluates pharmaceutical stability rather than biological/health outcomes"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "microwave radiation",
        "cefoxitin sodium",
        "freeze-thaw",
        "stability",
        "polyvinyl chloride bags",
        "HPLC",
        "pH",
        "parenteral solutions"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

AI can be wrong. Always verify against the paper.

AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract/metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This content is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice.

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