Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) induced alterations in gene expression and cytokine secretion in clear cell renal carcinoma cells.

PAPER pubmed Medycyna pracy 2024 In vitro study Effect: mixed Evidence: Low

Read original paper → DOI: 10.13075/mp.5893.01476 PMID: 38717134 Evidence Lab

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The study aimed to investigate the influence of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) on clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) by assessing alterations in gene expression and the secretion of cytokines and chemokines. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three ccRCC cell lines (786-O, 769-P, and CAKI-1) and a healthy HEK293 cell line were subjected to ELF-EMF exposure (frequency 50 Hz, magnetic field strength 4.5 mT) for 30 min daily for 5 days. The study examined the expression of , , and genes, along with the secretion of 30 cytokines and chemokines. RESULTS: Notably, primary tumor-derived cell lines, but not those from metastatic sites, exhibited gene expression, which increased following ELF-EMF exposure. A statistically significant reduction in gene expression was observed in 769-P cells after ELF-EMF exposure. Additionally, gene expression was upregulated in HEK293, 769-P, and 786-O cells, representing normal embryonic kidney cells and primary tumor cells, but not in CAKI-1 cells, which model metastatic sites. After EMF exposure, there was a statistically significant decrease in transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) concentration in the cell culture supernatants of HEK293 and CAKI-1 cell lines, with no other significant changes in the secretion of tested cytokines. CONCLUSIONS: Given the study's findings and available research, caution is warranted when drawing conclusions about the potential inhibitory effect of ELF-EMF on ccRCC progression. Standardization of experimental models is imperative when assessing the effects of EMF in a human context. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2024;75(2):133-141.

AI evidence extraction

At a glance

Study type

In vitro study

Effect direction

mixed

Population

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cell lines (786-O, 769-P, CAKI-1) and healthy HEK293 cell line

Sample size

—

Exposure

ELF · 5.0E-5 MHz · 30 min daily for 5 days

Evidence strength

Low

Confidence: 74% · Peer-reviewed: yes

Main findings

Primary tumor-derived ccRCC cell lines (but not metastatic-derived) showed expression of a gene that increased after ELF-EMF exposure. A statistically significant reduction in another gene’s expression was observed in 769-P cells after exposure, while a third gene was upregulated in HEK293, 769-P, and 786-O but not in CAKI-1. After exposure, TGF-β1 concentration significantly decreased in HEK293 and CAKI-1 supernatants, with no other significant cytokine/chemokine secretion changes reported.

Outcomes measured

Gene expression changes (unspecified genes; includes at least three genes assessed)
Cytokine/chemokine secretion (30 analytes)
TGF-β1 concentration in culture supernatant

Limitations

Specific gene names are not provided in the abstract (placeholders shown).
In vitro cell-line model; human health implications are uncertain.
Exposure regimen limited to 50 Hz, 4.5 mT, 30 min/day for 5 days.
Most cytokines/chemokines showed no significant changes; findings may be limited in scope.

View raw extracted JSON

{
    "study_type": "in_vitro",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "ELF",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": 5.00000000000000023960868011929647991564706899225711822509765625e-5,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "30 min daily for 5 days"
    },
    "population": "Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cell lines (786-O, 769-P, CAKI-1) and healthy HEK293 cell line",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Gene expression changes (unspecified genes; includes at least three genes assessed)",
        "Cytokine/chemokine secretion (30 analytes)",
        "TGF-β1 concentration in culture supernatant"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Primary tumor-derived ccRCC cell lines (but not metastatic-derived) showed expression of a gene that increased after ELF-EMF exposure. A statistically significant reduction in another gene’s expression was observed in 769-P cells after exposure, while a third gene was upregulated in HEK293, 769-P, and 786-O but not in CAKI-1. After exposure, TGF-β1 concentration significantly decreased in HEK293 and CAKI-1 supernatants, with no other significant cytokine/chemokine secretion changes reported.",
    "effect_direction": "mixed",
    "limitations": [
        "Specific gene names are not provided in the abstract (placeholders shown).",
        "In vitro cell-line model; human health implications are uncertain.",
        "Exposure regimen limited to 50 Hz, 4.5 mT, 30 min/day for 5 days.",
        "Most cytokines/chemokines showed no significant changes; findings may be limited in scope."
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "ELF-EMF",
        "50 Hz",
        "4.5 mT",
        "clear cell renal cell carcinoma",
        "ccRCC",
        "786-O",
        "769-P",
        "CAKI-1",
        "HEK293",
        "gene expression",
        "cytokines",
        "chemokines",
        "TGF-β1"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract/metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This content is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice.

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