Antimicrobial activity of rosemary leaf extracts and efficacy of ethanol extract against testicular damage caused by 50-Hz electromagnetic field in albino rats.

Abstract

Rosemary is a restorative plant that has numerous utilizations in traditional medicine. In this investigation, rosemary leaf extracts were examined for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The antimicrobial activity was tested against 8 bacterial strains. The antioxidant feature of rosemary extract on rat testicular tissue after exposure to the electromagnetic field. Sixty adult male albino rats weighing 180-200 g (aged 2 months) were divided into six groups: control group, rosemary group (receiving rosemary extract at a dose of 5 mg/kg b.wt), EMF (2 h) group (exposed to 50 Hz and 5.4 kV per meter of magnetic field for 2 h), EMF (4 h) group (exposed to 50 Hz and 5.4 kV per meter of magnetic field for 4 h), EMF (2 h) + rosemary group (receiving both magnetic field for 2 h and extract), and EMF (4 h) + rosemary group (receiving both magnetic field for 4 h and extract). After 30 days, the rats were sacrificed, and some estimates were determined. Results exhibited that the ethanolic extract of rosemary leaves was active against pathogenic bacteria. Results also demonstrated that exposure to EMF diminished level of male hormones (e.g., follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, and luteinizing hormone (LH)) in serum and catalase (CAT) activity remarkably and increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in comparison to the control group. Signs of improvement in the male hormones, CAT activity, and MDA levels were noticed during the treatments with rosemary. Histological results showed that the rosemary extract inhibited the destructive effect of electromagnetic fields on testicular tissue. This research reveals that the ethanolic extract of rosemary has many beneficial effects that can be compelling in supporting individuals living with EMF ecological contamination.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

In rats, exposure to a 50 Hz electromagnetic field (reported as 5.4 kV per meter) for 2 h or 4 h was associated with decreased serum male hormones (FSH, testosterone, LH) and catalase activity, and increased MDA compared with controls. Rosemary ethanolic extract showed antimicrobial activity and, when co-administered, was associated with improvements in these biochemical measures and inhibition of EMF-related testicular tissue damage on histology.

Outcomes measured

• Antimicrobial activity against 8 bacterial strains
• Male serum hormones (FSH, testosterone, LH)
• Catalase (CAT) activity
• Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels
• Testicular histology / tissue damage

Limitations

• Exposure described as "5.4 kV per meter of magnetic field" (unit/field type description is unclear in the abstract)
• No quantitative results (effect sizes/variability) provided in the abstract
• Animal study; generalizability to humans not addressed in the abstract
• Details of randomization/blinding not described in the abstract

Suggested hubs

• occupational-exposure (0.2)
  Study involves 50 Hz ELF exposure, which is commonly relevant to power-frequency/occupational contexts, though the source is not specified.

{
    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "ELF",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "2 h or 4 h exposures; study duration 30 days"
    },
    "population": "Adult male albino rats (180–200 g; aged 2 months)",
    "sample_size": 60,
    "outcomes": [
        "Antimicrobial activity against 8 bacterial strains",
        "Male serum hormones (FSH, testosterone, LH)",
        "Catalase (CAT) activity",
        "Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels",
        "Testicular histology / tissue damage"
    ],
    "main_findings": "In rats, exposure to a 50 Hz electromagnetic field (reported as 5.4 kV per meter) for 2 h or 4 h was associated with decreased serum male hormones (FSH, testosterone, LH) and catalase activity, and increased MDA compared with controls. Rosemary ethanolic extract showed antimicrobial activity and, when co-administered, was associated with improvements in these biochemical measures and inhibition of EMF-related testicular tissue damage on histology.",
    "effect_direction": "mixed",
    "limitations": [
        "Exposure described as \"5.4 kV per meter of magnetic field\" (unit/field type description is unclear in the abstract)",
        "No quantitative results (effect sizes/variability) provided in the abstract",
        "Animal study; generalizability to humans not addressed in the abstract",
        "Details of randomization/blinding not described in the abstract"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "rosemary",
        "Rosmarinus",
        "ethanolic extract",
        "antimicrobial",
        "antioxidant",
        "50 Hz",
        "electromagnetic field",
        "ELF-EMF",
        "testicular damage",
        "FSH",
        "testosterone",
        "LH",
        "catalase",
        "malondialdehyde",
        "rats"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
        {
            "slug": "occupational-exposure",
            "weight": 0.200000000000000011102230246251565404236316680908203125,
            "reason": "Study involves 50 Hz ELF exposure, which is commonly relevant to power-frequency/occupational contexts, though the source is not specified."
        }
    ]
}

Comments

Log in to comment.

No comments yet.