Combination of low intensity electromagnetic field with chondrogenic agent induces chondrogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells with minimal hypertrophic side effects.

Abstract

: There are different methods to develop neo-chondral tissues from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). Application of electromagnetic field (EMF) on ADSCs is one of popular approaches, which results in chondrogenesis. If chondrogenic impact of EMF on ADSCs is supposed to be generalized as a protocol in translational medicine field, possible emergence of early or late hypertrophic maturation, mineralization and inflammatory side effects in chondrogenically differentiating ADSCs should be considered.: The advent of chondrogenic and hypertrophic markers by differentiated cells under standard, platelet-rich plasma (PRP)-based or EMF treatments were monitored. Along with monitoring the expressions of chondrogenic markers, inflammatory and hypertrophic markers, VEGF/TNFα secretion, calcium deposition and ALP activity were evaluated.: Accordingly, treatment with %5 PRP results in higher GAG production, enhanced transcription, lowered TNFα and VEGF secretions compared to other treatments. Although PRP up-regulates and in early and late stages of chondrogenesis, respectively, application of EMF + PRP down regulates and while up-regulates and expression.: Comparing our results with previous reports suggests that presented EMF-ELF in this study with = 50 Hz, EMF intensity of less than 30 mT, and 5% PRP (v/v), would facilitate chondrogenesis via mesenchymal stem cells with minor inflammation and hypertrophic maturation. MSCs: mesenchymal stem cells; TGFβ: transforming growth factor-beta; PRP: platelet-rich plasma; ELF-EMF: extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields; GAGs: glycosaminoglycans; ADSCs: adipose-derived stem cells; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; TNFα: tumor necrosis factor alpha; ALP: alkaline phosphatase.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

In ADSCs, 5% platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was associated with higher GAG production, enhanced transcription, and lower TNFα and VEGF secretions compared to other treatments. The combination of EMF + PRP was reported to downregulate hypertrophic-related markers while upregulating chondrogenic-related markers, and the authors conclude that an ELF-EMF exposure (50 Hz, <30 mT) with 5% PRP may facilitate chondrogenesis with minor inflammation and hypertrophic maturation.

Outcomes measured

• Chondrogenesis / chondrogenic differentiation markers
• Hypertrophic markers / hypertrophic maturation
• Inflammatory markers
• VEGF secretion
• TNFα secretion
• GAG (glycosaminoglycan) production
• Calcium deposition (mineralization)
• ALP (alkaline phosphatase) activity

Limitations

• In vitro cell culture study (translational relevance to humans not established in abstract)
• Exposure duration not reported in abstract
• Sample size and replication details not reported in abstract
• Specific gene/marker names are not fully visible in the provided abstract text

{
    "study_type": "in_vitro",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "ELF",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": 0.05000000000000000277555756156289135105907917022705078125,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": null
    },
    "population": "Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) / mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in culture",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Chondrogenesis / chondrogenic differentiation markers",
        "Hypertrophic markers / hypertrophic maturation",
        "Inflammatory markers",
        "VEGF secretion",
        "TNFα secretion",
        "GAG (glycosaminoglycan) production",
        "Calcium deposition (mineralization)",
        "ALP (alkaline phosphatase) activity"
    ],
    "main_findings": "In ADSCs, 5% platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was associated with higher GAG production, enhanced transcription, and lower TNFα and VEGF secretions compared to other treatments. The combination of EMF + PRP was reported to downregulate hypertrophic-related markers while upregulating chondrogenic-related markers, and the authors conclude that an ELF-EMF exposure (50 Hz, <30 mT) with 5% PRP may facilitate chondrogenesis with minor inflammation and hypertrophic maturation.",
    "effect_direction": "benefit",
    "limitations": [
        "In vitro cell culture study (translational relevance to humans not established in abstract)",
        "Exposure duration not reported in abstract",
        "Sample size and replication details not reported in abstract",
        "Specific gene/marker names are not fully visible in the provided abstract text"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields",
        "ELF-EMF",
        "50 Hz",
        "<30 mT",
        "platelet-rich plasma",
        "PRP",
        "adipose-derived stem cells",
        "ADSCs",
        "mesenchymal stem cells",
        "MSCs",
        "chondrogenesis",
        "hypertrophy",
        "inflammation",
        "VEGF",
        "TNFα",
        "GAG",
        "ALP",
        "calcium deposition"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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