Endometrial apoptosis induced by a 900-MHz mobile phone: preventive effects of vitamins E and C.

Abstract

Numerous reports have described the effects induced by an electromagnetic field (EMF) in various cellular systems. The purposes of this study were to examine oxidative stress that promotes production of reactive oxygen species induced by a 900-megahertz (MHz) mobile phone and the possible ameliorating effects of vitamins E and C on endometrial tissue against EMF-induced endometrial impairment and apoptosis in rats. Animals were randomly grouped as follows: (1) sham-operated control group (n=8), (2) 900 MHz EMF-exposed group (n=8; 30 min/d for 30 d), and (3) 900 MHz EMF-exposed group, treated with vitamins E and C (n=8; 50 mg/kg intramuscularly and 20 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally before daily EMF exposure). Malondialdehyde (an index of lipid peroxidation) was used as a marker of oxidative stress-induced endometrial impairment; Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-8 were assessed immunohistochemically. In this study, increased malondialdehyde levels in endometrial tissue and apoptosis illustrated the role of the oxidative mechanism induced by exposure to a 900-MHz mobile phone-like device and vitamins E and C; via free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties, oxidative tissue injury and apoptosis were ameliorated in rat endometrium. In conclusion, exposure to 900-MHz radiation emitted by mobile phones may cause endometrial apoptosis and oxidative stress, but treatment with vitamins E and C can diminish these changes and may have a beneficial effect in preventing endometrial changes in rats.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Rats exposed to 900 MHz EMF (30 min/day for 30 days) showed increased malondialdehyde levels in endometrial tissue and evidence of apoptosis. In the vitamin E+C treated exposed group, oxidative tissue injury and apoptosis were reported as ameliorated compared with exposure alone.

Outcomes measured

• Oxidative stress (malondialdehyde/lipid peroxidation)
• Endometrial apoptosis
• Immunohistochemical markers: Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, caspase-8
• Effect of vitamins E and C on EMF-associated changes

Limitations

• No SAR or dosimetry details reported in the abstract
• Animal study; generalizability to humans is unclear
• Small group sizes (n=8 per group)
• Exposure described as a 'mobile phone-like device' without further characterization in the abstract

Suggested hubs

• mobile-phones (0.9)
  Exposure is 900 MHz radiation from a mobile phone-like device.

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    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "RF",
        "source": "mobile phone",
        "frequency_mhz": 900,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "30 min/day for 30 days"
    },
    "population": "Rats (endometrial tissue)",
    "sample_size": 24,
    "outcomes": [
        "Oxidative stress (malondialdehyde/lipid peroxidation)",
        "Endometrial apoptosis",
        "Immunohistochemical markers: Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, caspase-8",
        "Effect of vitamins E and C on EMF-associated changes"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Rats exposed to 900 MHz EMF (30 min/day for 30 days) showed increased malondialdehyde levels in endometrial tissue and evidence of apoptosis. In the vitamin E+C treated exposed group, oxidative tissue injury and apoptosis were reported as ameliorated compared with exposure alone.",
    "effect_direction": "harm",
    "limitations": [
        "No SAR or dosimetry details reported in the abstract",
        "Animal study; generalizability to humans is unclear",
        "Small group sizes (n=8 per group)",
        "Exposure described as a 'mobile phone-like device' without further characterization in the abstract"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "900 MHz",
        "mobile phone",
        "RF-EMF",
        "rats",
        "endometrium",
        "apoptosis",
        "oxidative stress",
        "malondialdehyde",
        "Bcl-2",
        "Bax",
        "caspase-3",
        "caspase-8",
        "vitamin E",
        "vitamin C",
        "antioxidants"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
        {
            "slug": "mobile-phones",
            "weight": 0.90000000000000002220446049250313080847263336181640625,
            "reason": "Exposure is 900 MHz radiation from a mobile phone-like device."
        }
    ]
}

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