Effects of mobile phone electromagnetic radiation on thyroid glands and hormones in Rattus norvegicus brain

Abstract

Effects of mobile phone electromagnetic radiation on thyroid glands and hormones in Rattus norvegicus brain Zufry H, Rudijanto A, Soeatmadji DW, Sakti SP, Munadi K, Sujuti H, Mintaroem K. Effects of mobile phone electromagnetic radiation on thyroid glands and hormones in Rattus norvegicus brain: An analysis of thyroid function, reactive oxygen species, and monocarboxylate transporter 8. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2023;14:63-8. Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of [GSM] mobile phone electromagnetic radiation (MP-EMR) on the thyroid glands and hormones in Rattus norvegicus brain in term of thyroid function, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) concentration. Forty rats were divided into different groups: control (without EMR exposure), EMR1 (120-min/day exposure), EMR2 (150-min), and EMR3 (180-min). The levels of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and brain and MCT8 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. One-way analysis of variance followed by the Duncan test was used to analyze the data. Our data indicated that the levels of serum TSH and T4 in all the EMR groups were lower significant postexposure compared to the control with P < 0.01 (EMR1 and EMR2) and P < 0.001 (EMR3), suggesting hypothyroidism due to MP-EMR exposure. Increased MDA and decreased MCT8 levels were also observed following the intervention; however, the changes in both concentrations were notably significant after being subjected to 150-min and 180-min of exposure. In conclusion, a significant reduction in TSH, T4, and MCT8 levels indicated thyroid dysfunction due to MP-EMR exposure. Conclusions MP-EMR exposure at the frequency of 1800 MHz has caused significant changes in the levels of serum TSH, T4, MDA, and MCT8 concentration in the Wistar rats. The levels of TSH, T4, and MCT8 decreased in a direct proportion to the EMR exposure duration, whereas MDA levels increased along with the increase of exposure period (after 150-min and 180-min exposure). These suggest that MP exposure could affect thyroid either directly or indirectly via HPT axis. Open access paper: japtr.org

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Compared with controls, all EMR-exposed groups had significantly lower serum TSH and T4 post-exposure (P<0.01 for EMR1/EMR2; P<0.001 for EMR3). MDA increased and MCT8 decreased following exposure, with notable significance reported after 150 and 180 min/day exposure.

Outcomes measured

• Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
• Serum thyroxine (T4)
• Malondialdehyde (MDA)
• Monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) concentration (brain)
• Reactive oxygen species (ROS) (via MDA)
• Thyroid function/dysfunction (hypothyroidism inference)

Limitations

• No SAR or exposure intensity/dosimetry details reported in the abstract
• Exposure duration is given, but total study length and timing of measurements are not stated
• Animal model; generalizability to humans is uncertain
• Details on randomization/blinding and housing conditions are not provided in the abstract

Suggested hubs

• mobile-phones-rf (0.9)
  Study tests GSM mobile phone RF exposure (1800 MHz) and biological outcomes.
• animal-studies (0.85)
  Experimental exposure study in Wistar rats.

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    "exposure": {
        "band": "RF",
        "source": "mobile phone",
        "frequency_mhz": 1800,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "120, 150, or 180 min/day"
    },
    "population": "Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus)",
    "sample_size": 40,
    "outcomes": [
        "Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)",
        "Serum thyroxine (T4)",
        "Malondialdehyde (MDA)",
        "Monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) concentration (brain)",
        "Reactive oxygen species (ROS) (via MDA)",
        "Thyroid function/dysfunction (hypothyroidism inference)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Compared with controls, all EMR-exposed groups had significantly lower serum TSH and T4 post-exposure (P<0.01 for EMR1/EMR2; P<0.001 for EMR3). MDA increased and MCT8 decreased following exposure, with notable significance reported after 150 and 180 min/day exposure.",
    "effect_direction": "harm",
    "limitations": [
        "No SAR or exposure intensity/dosimetry details reported in the abstract",
        "Exposure duration is given, but total study length and timing of measurements are not stated",
        "Animal model; generalizability to humans is uncertain",
        "Details on randomization/blinding and housing conditions are not provided in the abstract"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "unknown",
    "keywords": [
        "GSM",
        "mobile phone electromagnetic radiation",
        "MP-EMR",
        "1800 MHz",
        "thyroid",
        "TSH",
        "T4",
        "malondialdehyde",
        "MDA",
        "oxidative stress",
        "MCT8",
        "Wistar rats",
        "Rattus norvegicus",
        "HPT axis"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
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