Effects of electromagnetic field produced by mobile phones on the oxidant and antioxidant status of rats.

Abstract

This study was designed to investigate the effect of EMR produced by GSM Mobile Phones (MP) on the oxidant and antioxidant status in rats. Rats were divided into three groups: (1) controls, (2) rats exposed to a fractionated dose of EMR (15 min day(-1) for four days) (EMR-F) and (3) rats exposed to an acute dose of EMR (EMR-A). A net drop in the plasma concentration of vitamin C (-47 and -59.8%) was observed in EMR-F and EMR-A groups, respectively, when compared to controls. While, a significant decrease in the levels of lypophilic antioxidant vitamins: vitamin E (-33 and -65.8%), vitamin A (-44.4 and -46.8%) was observed in EMR-F and EMR-A groups, respectively, when compared to controls. A net drop in plasma level of reduced glutathione (GSH) (-19.8 and -35.3%) was observed in EMR-F and EMR-A groups, respectively. EMR exposure of rats produced a significant decrease in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, with the values of these activities for EMR-A group is significantly lower than those of EMR-F. These results indicate that the effects of acute doses of EMR produced by mobile phones on the rat's antioxidant status is significantly higher than those of fractionated doses of the same type of radiation. On the basis of present results, it can be concluded that exposure to acute doses of EMR produced by mobile phones is more hazardous than that produced by fractionated doses of the same type of radiation.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Compared with controls, rats exposed to GSM mobile phone EMR showed decreased plasma antioxidant markers (vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin A, and GSH) and decreased CAT and SOD activities. Decreases were reported as larger in the acute exposure group than in the fractionated exposure group.

Outcomes measured

• Plasma vitamin C concentration
• Plasma vitamin E level
• Plasma vitamin A level
• Plasma reduced glutathione (GSH) level
• Catalase (CAT) activity
• Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity

Limitations

• Sample size not reported in abstract
• Exposure parameters (e.g., frequency, SAR, acute exposure duration) not reported in abstract
• Only biochemical antioxidant/oxidant status outcomes reported; no clinical or long-term endpoints described

Suggested hubs

• mobile-phones-rf (0.9)
  Animal study assessing biochemical effects of EMR produced by GSM mobile phones.

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    "exposure": {
        "band": "RF",
        "source": "mobile phone",
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "Fractionated: 15 min/day for 4 days; Acute: duration not stated"
    },
    "population": "Rats",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Plasma vitamin C concentration",
        "Plasma vitamin E level",
        "Plasma vitamin A level",
        "Plasma reduced glutathione (GSH) level",
        "Catalase (CAT) activity",
        "Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Compared with controls, rats exposed to GSM mobile phone EMR showed decreased plasma antioxidant markers (vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin A, and GSH) and decreased CAT and SOD activities. Decreases were reported as larger in the acute exposure group than in the fractionated exposure group.",
    "effect_direction": "harm",
    "limitations": [
        "Sample size not reported in abstract",
        "Exposure parameters (e.g., frequency, SAR, acute exposure duration) not reported in abstract",
        "Only biochemical antioxidant/oxidant status outcomes reported; no clinical or long-term endpoints described"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "GSM",
        "mobile phone",
        "electromagnetic radiation",
        "rats",
        "oxidative stress",
        "antioxidants",
        "vitamin C",
        "vitamin E",
        "vitamin A",
        "glutathione",
        "catalase",
        "superoxide dismutase"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
        {
            "slug": "mobile-phones-rf",
            "weight": 0.90000000000000002220446049250313080847263336181640625,
            "reason": "Animal study assessing biochemical effects of EMR produced by GSM mobile phones."
        }
    ]
}

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