[Effect of microwave radiation on primary cultured Sertoli cells].

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To explore whether microwave radiation may cause injury of primary cultured Sertoli cells. METHODS: The model of primary cultured Sertoli cells in vitro was established, which was radiated by microwave with average power density 0, 30 and 100 mW/cm(2) for five minutes. The changes of cell cycle, apoptosis and death, and intracellular Ca2+ concentration in the Sertoli cells were measured at sixth hours through Annexin V-PI double labeling and Fluo-3-AM labeling, flow cytometry combined with laser scanning confocal microscopy after microwave exposure. RESULTS: The numbers of Sertoli cells were obviously reduced in G0-G1 and G2-M phase (62.57% +/- 3.22% and 8.25% +/- 1.75%) and increased in S phase (29.17% +/- 4.87%) compared with the control groups (79.18% +/- 0.24%, 11.17% +/- 0.50% and 9.64% +/- 0.62%) (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), but the changes of rate of apoptosis and death and intracellular Ca2+ concentration showed no difference at 6 h after exposure to 30 mW/cm(2) microwave. There was a significant increase in the Sertoli cell counts of G0-G1 phase (87.69% +/- 1.32%), and decrease in the Sertoli cell counts of G2-M and S phase (7.41% +/- 0.60% and 4.87% +/- 0.91%) (P < 0.01). There was also a significant increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration and rate of apoptosis and death (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) at 6 h after exposure to 100 mW/cm(2) microwave. CONCLUSION: 100 mW/cm(2) microwave radiation may cause growth inhibition and increase of apoptosis and death in the primary cultured Sertoli cells. The increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentration is one of the injury mechanisms.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

After 30 mW/cm^2 microwave exposure for 5 minutes, cell cycle distribution differed from controls (reduced G0-G1 and G2-M; increased S phase), while apoptosis/death and intracellular Ca2+ showed no difference at 6 hours. After 100 mW/cm^2 exposure, cells showed increased G0-G1 with decreased S and G2-M, along with increased intracellular Ca2+ and increased apoptosis/death at 6 hours.

Outcomes measured

• Cell cycle distribution (G0-G1, S, G2-M)
• Apoptosis and cell death (Annexin V-PI)
• Intracellular Ca2+ concentration (Fluo-3-AM)

Limitations

• In vitro study in primary cultured Sertoli cells; generalizability to in vivo/humans not addressed
• Microwave frequency not reported in abstract
• Sample size not reported in abstract
• Only one post-exposure time point reported (6 hours)
• Exposure duration limited to 5 minutes

{
    "study_type": "in_vitro",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "microwave",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "5 minutes"
    },
    "population": "Primary cultured Sertoli cells (in vitro)",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Cell cycle distribution (G0-G1, S, G2-M)",
        "Apoptosis and cell death (Annexin V-PI)",
        "Intracellular Ca2+ concentration (Fluo-3-AM)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "After 30 mW/cm^2 microwave exposure for 5 minutes, cell cycle distribution differed from controls (reduced G0-G1 and G2-M; increased S phase), while apoptosis/death and intracellular Ca2+ showed no difference at 6 hours. After 100 mW/cm^2 exposure, cells showed increased G0-G1 with decreased S and G2-M, along with increased intracellular Ca2+ and increased apoptosis/death at 6 hours.",
    "effect_direction": "mixed",
    "limitations": [
        "In vitro study in primary cultured Sertoli cells; generalizability to in vivo/humans not addressed",
        "Microwave frequency not reported in abstract",
        "Sample size not reported in abstract",
        "Only one post-exposure time point reported (6 hours)",
        "Exposure duration limited to 5 minutes"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "microwave radiation",
        "Sertoli cells",
        "cell cycle",
        "apoptosis",
        "cell death",
        "intracellular calcium",
        "flow cytometry",
        "confocal microscopy",
        "power density"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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