[Influence of electromagnetic radiation on raf kinase inhibitor protein and its related proteins of hippocampus].

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To study the development of changes for Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) and its mRNA in rats hippocampus after electromagnetic radiation. METHODS: Rats were exposed to X-band high power microwave (X-HPM), S-band high power microwave (S-HPM) and electromagnetic pulse (EMP) radiation source respectively. The animal model of electromagnetic radiation was established. Western blot was used to detect the expression of RKIP, and RT-PCR was applied to detect the expression of RKIP mRNA. The interaction of RKIP and Raf-1 was measured with co-immunoprecipitation method, and the expression of cerebral choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) was measured by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The expression of RKIP significantly down-regulated at 6 h after radiation, and recovered at 1 d in group EMP, but the down-regulation continued during 1 approximately 7 d after radiation in the two microwave groups. The expression of RKIP mRNA changed wavily during 6 h approximately 7 d after radiation, which showed down-regulation at 6 h, and up-regulation at 3 d. The interaction of RKIP and Raf-1 decreased during 6 h approximately 7 d after radiation, most significantly at 7 d, and the two microwave groups were more significant. The expression of CHAT decreased continuously during 6 h approximately 7 d after radiation, and generally recovered on 14 d. CONCLUSION: The down-regulation of RKIP and its related proteins of hippocampus is induced by electromagnetic radiation.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

RKIP protein expression was significantly down-regulated at 6 h after radiation; it recovered by 1 d in the EMP group but remained down-regulated from ~1 to 7 d in both microwave groups. RKIP mRNA showed a wavelike pattern from 6 h to 7 d (down at 6 h, up at 3 d). RKIP–Raf-1 interaction decreased from 6 h to 7 d (most at 7 d), with larger decreases in the microwave groups. CHAT expression decreased continuously from 6 h to 7 d and generally recovered by 14 d.

Outcomes measured

• RKIP protein expression (Western blot)
• RKIP mRNA expression (RT-PCR)
• RKIP–Raf-1 interaction (co-immunoprecipitation)
• Cerebral choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) expression (immunohistochemistry)

Limitations

• Sample size not reported in abstract
• Exposure metrics (frequency, power density/SAR, exposure duration) not reported in abstract
• No behavioral/functional outcomes described in abstract

Suggested hubs

• rf-health-effects (0.78)
  Animal study examining hippocampal molecular changes after microwave/EMP radiation.
• military-radar-microwave (0.55)
  High-power X-band/S-band microwave exposures are consistent with radar-like/military-relevant sources.

{
    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "microwave",
        "source": "X-band high power microwave (X-HPM); S-band high power microwave (S-HPM); electromagnetic pulse (EMP)",
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "6 h to 14 d post-exposure time course (exposure duration not stated)"
    },
    "population": "Rats (hippocampus)",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "RKIP protein expression (Western blot)",
        "RKIP mRNA expression (RT-PCR)",
        "RKIP–Raf-1 interaction (co-immunoprecipitation)",
        "Cerebral choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) expression (immunohistochemistry)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "RKIP protein expression was significantly down-regulated at 6 h after radiation; it recovered by 1 d in the EMP group but remained down-regulated from ~1 to 7 d in both microwave groups. RKIP mRNA showed a wavelike pattern from 6 h to 7 d (down at 6 h, up at 3 d). RKIP–Raf-1 interaction decreased from 6 h to 7 d (most at 7 d), with larger decreases in the microwave groups. CHAT expression decreased continuously from 6 h to 7 d and generally recovered by 14 d.",
    "effect_direction": "harm",
    "limitations": [
        "Sample size not reported in abstract",
        "Exposure metrics (frequency, power density/SAR, exposure duration) not reported in abstract",
        "No behavioral/functional outcomes described in abstract"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "electromagnetic radiation",
        "high power microwave",
        "X-band",
        "S-band",
        "electromagnetic pulse",
        "rat",
        "hippocampus",
        "RKIP",
        "Raf-1",
        "choline acetyltransferase",
        "Western blot",
        "RT-PCR",
        "co-immunoprecipitation",
        "immunohistochemistry"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
        {
            "slug": "rf-health-effects",
            "weight": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
            "reason": "Animal study examining hippocampal molecular changes after microwave/EMP radiation."
        },
        {
            "slug": "military-radar-microwave",
            "weight": 0.5500000000000000444089209850062616169452667236328125,
            "reason": "High-power X-band/S-band microwave exposures are consistent with radar-like/military-relevant sources."
        }
    ]
}

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