EMF frequency dependent differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to astrocyte cells

Abstract

EMF frequency dependent differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to astrocyte cells Nader Asadian, Majid Jadidi, Manouchehr Safari, Taha Jadidi, Mahbobeh Gholami. EMF frequency dependent differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to astrocyte cells. Neurosci Lett. 2020 Dec 26;744:135587. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135587. Highlights • Stem cells viability and proliferation rate reduced in 400μT (25−75 Hz) EMF. • BMMSC differentiation to neuron increased with 400μT (25−75 Hz) EMF. • BMMSC differentiation to astrocyte cell was EMF frequency dependent. Abstract The numerous factors regulate the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMMSC) self-renewal and differentiation response. We aimed to analyze the influence of electromagnetic field (EMF) as an external inducing factor on rat BMMSC differentiation and proliferation to neuron and astrocyte cells. BMMSCs extracted from the rats femurs and tibias and incubated in a cell-cultured CO2 incubator. After the third passages, the plates selected randomly and then divided into seven groups (Sham exposed, three groups of square, and three groups of sinusoidal waveform EMF (25, 50, and 75 Hz, 400 μT, 1 h/day). The BMMSCs exposed to EMF at the middle of a Helmholtz coil for 7 days. The viable cell counting and proliferation performed by the MTT test and BMMSC differentiation into the neuron and the astrocyte cell was studied by immunocytochemistry staining. The results confirmed BMMSC viability and proliferation rate reduction in sinusoidal 25 Hz, square 50 Hz and sinusoidal 75 Hz EMF groups compare to sham. The maximum BMMSC differentiation to neuron was considered in sinusoidal 50 Hz and 75 Hz EMF groups. The increase of BMMSC differentiation to astrocyte cell was frequency dependent and the most differentiation was shown in square 75 Hz, and sinusoidal 75 Hz EMF groups. In conclusion, the results suggest that both square and sinusoidal EMF could affect BMMSC development and differentiation to neuron and astrocyte cells. Further studies for the consequence of EMF with wider flux density and frequency on BMMSC are recommended. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Compared with sham, BMMSC viability and proliferation were reduced in sinusoidal 25 Hz, square 50 Hz, and sinusoidal 75 Hz EMF groups (400 μT, 1 h/day for 7 days). Neuronal differentiation was highest in sinusoidal 50 Hz and 75 Hz groups, and astrocyte differentiation increased in a frequency-dependent manner with the most differentiation in square 75 Hz and sinusoidal 75 Hz groups.

Outcomes measured

• Cell viability (MTT)
• Cell proliferation (MTT)
• Differentiation to neuron (immunocytochemistry)
• Differentiation to astrocyte (immunocytochemistry)

Limitations

• Sample size not reported in abstract
• In vitro study (cell culture) may not generalize to in vivo outcomes
• Only one flux density (400 μT) and limited frequencies (25–75 Hz) tested

Suggested hubs

• occupational-exposure (0.15)
  Study uses ELF frequencies (25–75 Hz) relevant to some occupational ELF contexts, though exposure is laboratory-based and in vitro.

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    "exposure": {
        "band": "ELF",
        "source": "Helmholtz coil (laboratory exposure)",
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "1 h/day for 7 days; 25, 50, 75 Hz at 400 μT; square and sinusoidal waveforms"
    },
    "population": "Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) in culture",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Cell viability (MTT)",
        "Cell proliferation (MTT)",
        "Differentiation to neuron (immunocytochemistry)",
        "Differentiation to astrocyte (immunocytochemistry)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Compared with sham, BMMSC viability and proliferation were reduced in sinusoidal 25 Hz, square 50 Hz, and sinusoidal 75 Hz EMF groups (400 μT, 1 h/day for 7 days). Neuronal differentiation was highest in sinusoidal 50 Hz and 75 Hz groups, and astrocyte differentiation increased in a frequency-dependent manner with the most differentiation in square 75 Hz and sinusoidal 75 Hz groups.",
    "effect_direction": "mixed",
    "limitations": [
        "Sample size not reported in abstract",
        "In vitro study (cell culture) may not generalize to in vivo outcomes",
        "Only one flux density (400 μT) and limited frequencies (25–75 Hz) tested"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "electromagnetic field",
        "ELF-EMF",
        "bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells",
        "BMMSC",
        "rat",
        "differentiation",
        "astrocyte",
        "neuron",
        "MTT",
        "immunocytochemistry",
        "Helmholtz coil",
        "25 Hz",
        "50 Hz",
        "75 Hz",
        "400 μT"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
        {
            "slug": "occupational-exposure",
            "weight": 0.1499999999999999944488848768742172978818416595458984375,
            "reason": "Study uses ELF frequencies (25–75 Hz) relevant to some occupational ELF contexts, though exposure is laboratory-based and in vitro."
        }
    ]
}

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