Characterizing radiated power in near field of a phone operating in 3G+ and 4G+ communication standards

Abstract

Characterizing radiated power in near field of a phone operating in 3G+ and 4G+ communication standards Sârbu A, Bechet A, Bălan T, Robu D, Bechet P, Simona Miclăuș S.Using CCDF statistics for characterizing the radiated power dynamics in the near field of a mobile phone operating in 3G+ and 4G+ communication standards. Measurement. 134:874-887. February, 2019. doi.org. Highlights • Near field radiated power density measured by both E and H field probes. • Real life operating situations considered for correct exposure assessment. • Highest exposure expected at using 4G+ as compared to 3G+. • CCDF measurements provide realistic representation of user exposure profiles. Abstract In this article, an original method to assess the radiated power density of the near field in the immediate vicinity of mobile terminals using both electric and magnetic field strengths determination is proposed. The complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) is used for the first time to assess exposure. A demonstration of the CCDF's capabilities for providing a realistic representation of different wireless communication usage profiles is provided. Following the methodology description, an experimental setup was designed and a measurement campaign was conducted on a mobile terminal. The exposure assessment was performed for real life operating situations by selecting seven common application services used by mobile subscribers. For 4G+ communication technologies the near field power density is the highest during file upload, followed by VoIP, video call, file download, streaming services and browsing. For 3G+ networks the higher to lower power density values were associated with: file upload, file download, streaming, VoIP, video call and browsing services. The total near field radiated power density was found to be on average 34 times higher for the tested applications running in the 4G+ as compared to the 3G+, with values ranging from 180 times - during file upload, down to 1.2 times - during video streaming. Significantly higher radiated power densities were emitted while using VoIP and video call on 4G+ network as compared to 3G+ network. Present results strongly suggest that higher exposure is expected for the same application running under 4G+ rather than under 3G+. By applying an original procedure, it has been experimentally highlighted that different generations of communication technologies will lead to different exposure shapes in amplitude and in time, suggesting a future need for introducing the dose rate quantification. sciencedirect.com

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

An experimental measurement campaign on a mobile terminal assessed near-field radiated power density in real-life operating situations across seven common application services. The total near-field radiated power density was reported to be on average 34 times higher for tested applications in 4G+ compared with 3G+, with ratios ranging from 180× (file upload) to 1.2× (video streaming); the authors report higher exposure is expected for the same application on 4G+ than 3G+.

Outcomes measured

• Near-field radiated power density (measured via E-field and H-field probes)
• Exposure profiles/dynamics characterized using CCDF statistics
• Comparison of near-field power density between 3G+ and 4G+ across application use cases

Limitations

• Frequency and SAR were not reported in the provided abstract/metadata.
• Sample size/number of devices and measurement repetitions are not stated in the provided abstract/metadata.
• Results are based on measurements on a mobile terminal; generalizability to other devices/models is not described in the provided abstract/metadata.
• Study assesses exposure metrics (power density/field strengths) rather than health outcomes.

Suggested hubs

• mobile-phones (0.95)
  Near-field exposure assessment of a mobile phone during typical usage scenarios.
• rf-exposure-assessment (0.9)
  Proposes and applies a measurement/CCDF-based method to characterize near-field radiated power density.

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        "band": "RF",
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    "outcomes": [
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        "Exposure profiles/dynamics characterized using CCDF statistics",
        "Comparison of near-field power density between 3G+ and 4G+ across application use cases"
    ],
    "main_findings": "An experimental measurement campaign on a mobile terminal assessed near-field radiated power density in real-life operating situations across seven common application services. The total near-field radiated power density was reported to be on average 34 times higher for tested applications in 4G+ compared with 3G+, with ratios ranging from 180× (file upload) to 1.2× (video streaming); the authors report higher exposure is expected for the same application on 4G+ than 3G+.",
    "effect_direction": "harm",
    "limitations": [
        "Frequency and SAR were not reported in the provided abstract/metadata.",
        "Sample size/number of devices and measurement repetitions are not stated in the provided abstract/metadata.",
        "Results are based on measurements on a mobile terminal; generalizability to other devices/models is not described in the provided abstract/metadata.",
        "Study assesses exposure metrics (power density/field strengths) rather than health outcomes."
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "moderate",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "near field",
        "mobile terminal",
        "mobile phone",
        "3G+",
        "4G+",
        "radiated power density",
        "electric field probe",
        "magnetic field probe",
        "CCDF",
        "exposure assessment",
        "VoIP",
        "video call",
        "file upload",
        "streaming"
    ],
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