Effects of ELF EMF and cisplatin on mRNA levels of some DNA repair genes

Abstract

Effects of ELF EMF and cisplatin on mRNA levels of some DNA repair genes Sanie-Jahromi F, Saadat 2, Saadat M. Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field and cisplatin on mRNA levels of some DNA repair genes. Life Sci. 2016 Oct 6. pii: S0024-3205(16)30588-4. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.10.006. Highlights • Extremely-low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) can affect gene expression. • mRNA levels of seven genes involved in DNA repair pathways were evaluated. • The examined genes had tendency to be down-regulated in the cells treated with EMF. • GADD45A mRNA levels in cells co-treated with cisplatin (CDDP) + EMF were increased. • Co-treatment of CDDP + EMF enhances down-regulation of the genes of NHEJ pathway. • Elevation in IC50 of CDDP when cells co-treated with CDDP + EMF was observed. Abstract AIMS: It has been shown that exposure to extremely-low frequency (˂300Hz) oscillating electromagnetic field (EMF) can affect gene expression. The effects of different exposure patterns of 50-Hz EMF and co-treatment of EMF plus cisplatin (CDDP) on mRNA levels of seven genes involved in DNA repair pathways (GADD45A, XRCC1, XRCC4, Ku70, Ku80, DNA-PKcs and LIG4) were evaluated. MAIN METHODS: Two 50-Hz EMF intensities (0.25 and 0.50mT), three exposure patterns (5min field-on/5min field-off, 15min field-on/15min field-off, 30min field-on continuously) and two cell lines (MCF-7 and SH-SY5Y) were used. The mRNA levels were measured using quantitative real-time PCR. KEY FINDINGS: The examined genes had tendency to be down-regulated in MCF-7 cells treated with EMF. In the pattern of 15min field-on/15min field-off of the 0.50mT EMF, no increase in mRNA levels were observed, but the mRNA levels of GADD45A, XRCC1, XRCC4, Ku80, Ku70, and LIG4 were down-regulated. A significant elevation in IC50 of CDDP was observed when MCF-7 and SH-SY5Y cells were co-treated with CDDP+EMF in comparison with the cells treated with CDDP alone. GADD45A mRNA levels in MCF-7 and SH-SY5Y cells co-treated with CDDP+EMF were increased and at the same time the mRNA levels of XRCC4, Ku80, Ku70 and DNA-PKcs were down-regulated. SIGNIFICANCE: Present study provides evidence that co-treatment of CDDP+EMF can enhance down-regulation of the genes involved in non-homologous end-joining pathway. It might be suggested that co-treatment of CDDP+EMF could be more promising for sensitizing cancer cells to DNA double strand breaks. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 2016 EMF Papers selected from the EMF-Portal Archive 2016, Mohan M, Khaliq F, Panwar A, Vaney N. Assessment of auditory conduction in mobile phone users: A pilot study. India J Med Specialities 7 (4): 163-166 2016, Sallam AED, Hassan SA, Hassaneen E, Ali EM. Environmental stress of mobile phone EM radiation on locomotor activity and melatonin circadian rhythms of rats. Biol Rhythm Res 47 (4): 597-607 2016, Singh MM, Pati AK. 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[review] Toxicol Ind Health 32 (1): 76-82

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

In MCF-7 cells treated with 50-Hz EMF, the examined DNA repair genes tended to be down-regulated; under 0.50 mT with 15 min on/15 min off, multiple genes (including GADD45A, XRCC1, XRCC4, Ku80, Ku70, LIG4) were down-regulated. Co-treatment with CDDP+EMF significantly increased the IC50 of CDDP in both MCF-7 and SH-SY5Y compared with CDDP alone; in co-treated cells, GADD45A mRNA increased while XRCC4, Ku80, Ku70, and DNA-PKcs were down-regulated.

Outcomes measured

• mRNA levels of DNA repair genes (GADD45A, XRCC1, XRCC4, Ku70, Ku80, DNA-PKcs, LIG4)
• Cisplatin (CDDP) IC50

Limitations

• Sample size not reported in abstract
• In vitro study using two cell lines; generalizability to humans not addressed in abstract
• Exposure duration details beyond on/off patterns not provided in abstract
• Only mRNA expression and IC50 reported; no protein/activity measures described in abstract

{
    "study_type": "in_vitro",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "ELF",
        "source": "laboratory exposure (50-Hz EMF)",
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "Three exposure patterns: 5 min on/5 min off; 15 min on/15 min off; 30 min continuously"
    },
    "population": "Human cell lines (MCF-7 breast cancer cells; SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells)",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "mRNA levels of DNA repair genes (GADD45A, XRCC1, XRCC4, Ku70, Ku80, DNA-PKcs, LIG4)",
        "Cisplatin (CDDP) IC50"
    ],
    "main_findings": "In MCF-7 cells treated with 50-Hz EMF, the examined DNA repair genes tended to be down-regulated; under 0.50 mT with 15 min on/15 min off, multiple genes (including GADD45A, XRCC1, XRCC4, Ku80, Ku70, LIG4) were down-regulated. Co-treatment with CDDP+EMF significantly increased the IC50 of CDDP in both MCF-7 and SH-SY5Y compared with CDDP alone; in co-treated cells, GADD45A mRNA increased while XRCC4, Ku80, Ku70, and DNA-PKcs were down-regulated.",
    "effect_direction": "mixed",
    "limitations": [
        "Sample size not reported in abstract",
        "In vitro study using two cell lines; generalizability to humans not addressed in abstract",
        "Exposure duration details beyond on/off patterns not provided in abstract",
        "Only mRNA expression and IC50 reported; no protein/activity measures described in abstract"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "extremely low frequency",
        "ELF-EMF",
        "50 Hz",
        "magnetic field",
        "cisplatin",
        "CDDP",
        "DNA repair",
        "non-homologous end joining",
        "NHEJ",
        "gene expression",
        "qRT-PCR",
        "MCF-7",
        "SH-SY5Y"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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