Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation emitted from a mobile phone base station on the redox homeostasis in different organs of Swiss albino mice

Abstract

Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation emitted from a mobile phone base station on the redox homeostasis in different organs of Swiss albino mice Mary Zosangzuali, Marina Lalremruati, C Lalmuansangi, F Nghakliana, Lalrinthara Pachuau, Priyanka Bandara, Zothan Siama. Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation emitted from a mobile phone base station on the redox homeostasis in different organs of Swiss albino mice. Electromagn Biol Med. 2021 Mar 9;1-15. doi: 10.1080/15368378.2021.1895207. Abstract This study was designed to investigate the possible effects of exposure to mobile phone base station (MPBS) emits 1800-MHz RF-EMR on some oxidative stress parameters in the brain, heart, kidney and liver of Swiss albino mice under exposures below thermal levels. Mice were randomly assigned to three experimental groups which were exposed to RF-EMR for 6 hr/day, 12 hr/day and 24 hr/day for 45 consecutive days, respectively, and a control group. The glutathione (GSH) levels and activities of glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly reduced in mice brain after exposure to RF-EMR for 12 hr and 24 hr per day. Exposure of mice to RF-EMR for 12 hr and 24 hr per day also led to a significant increase in malondialdehyde (an index of lipid peroxidation) levels in mice brain. On the contrary, exposures used in this study did not induce any significant change in various oxidative stress-related parameters in the heart, kidney and liver of mice. Our findings showed no significant variations in the activities of aspartate amino-transferase (AST), alanine amino- transferase (ALT), and on the level of creatinine (CRE) in the exposed mice. This study also revealed a decrease in RBC count with an increase in WBC count in mice subjected to 12 hr/day and 24 hr/day exposures. Exposure to RF-EMR from MPBS may cause adverse effects in mice brain by inducing oxidative stress arising from the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as indicated by enhanced lipid peroxidation, and reduced levels and activities of antioxidants. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

In mice exposed to 1800-MHz RF-EMR from a mobile phone base station below thermal levels, brain GSH levels and GST and SOD activities were significantly reduced and brain malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased at 12 hr/day and 24 hr/day exposures. No significant changes in oxidative stress-related parameters were reported in heart, kidney, or liver, and no significant variations were observed in AST, ALT, or creatinine. RBC count decreased and WBC count increased in the 12 hr/day and 24 hr/day exposure groups.

Outcomes measured

• Oxidative stress/redox parameters in brain (GSH, GST, SOD, malondialdehyde)
• Oxidative stress-related parameters in heart, kidney, liver
• AST
• ALT
• Creatinine
• RBC count
• WBC count

Limitations

• Sample size not reported in abstract
• Exposure intensity/dosimetry (e.g., SAR) not reported in abstract
• Only oxidative stress and selected blood/biochemistry markers assessed; no behavioral or histopathological outcomes described in abstract

Suggested hubs

• mobile-base-stations (0.9)
  Exposure source is a mobile phone base station (MPBS).
• oxidative-stress (0.85)
  Primary outcomes are oxidative stress/redox homeostasis markers.

{
    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "RF",
        "source": "mobile phone base station",
        "frequency_mhz": 1800,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "6 hr/day, 12 hr/day, or 24 hr/day for 45 consecutive days"
    },
    "population": "Swiss albino mice",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Oxidative stress/redox parameters in brain (GSH, GST, SOD, malondialdehyde)",
        "Oxidative stress-related parameters in heart, kidney, liver",
        "AST",
        "ALT",
        "Creatinine",
        "RBC count",
        "WBC count"
    ],
    "main_findings": "In mice exposed to 1800-MHz RF-EMR from a mobile phone base station below thermal levels, brain GSH levels and GST and SOD activities were significantly reduced and brain malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased at 12 hr/day and 24 hr/day exposures. No significant changes in oxidative stress-related parameters were reported in heart, kidney, or liver, and no significant variations were observed in AST, ALT, or creatinine. RBC count decreased and WBC count increased in the 12 hr/day and 24 hr/day exposure groups.",
    "effect_direction": "mixed",
    "limitations": [
        "Sample size not reported in abstract",
        "Exposure intensity/dosimetry (e.g., SAR) not reported in abstract",
        "Only oxidative stress and selected blood/biochemistry markers assessed; no behavioral or histopathological outcomes described in abstract"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "radiofrequency",
        "RF-EMR",
        "1800 MHz",
        "mobile phone base station",
        "mice",
        "oxidative stress",
        "redox homeostasis",
        "brain",
        "GSH",
        "GST",
        "SOD",
        "malondialdehyde",
        "AST",
        "ALT",
        "creatinine",
        "RBC",
        "WBC"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
        {
            "slug": "mobile-base-stations",
            "weight": 0.90000000000000002220446049250313080847263336181640625,
            "reason": "Exposure source is a mobile phone base station (MPBS)."
        },
        {
            "slug": "oxidative-stress",
            "weight": 0.84999999999999997779553950749686919152736663818359375,
            "reason": "Primary outcomes are oxidative stress/redox homeostasis markers."
        }
    ]
}

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