Comparison of effects of high- and low-frequency electromagnetic fields on proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells

Abstract

Comparison of effects of high- and low-frequency electromagnetic fields on proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells Wenfang Bai, Meihui Li, Weicheng Xu, Mingsheng Zhang. Comparison of effects of high- and low-frequency electromagnetic fields on proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. Neurosci Lett. 2021 Jan 10;741:135463. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135463. Highlights • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been widely applied to diagnose and treat intractable brain diseases. • Both 50 Hz LF-EMF and HF-EMF can promote the proliferation of NSCs in vitro. • LF-EMF can accelerate NSCs to differentiate into neurons. Abstract To compare the effects of high- (HF-EMF) and low-frequency electromagnetic fields (LF-EMF) on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). NSCs were obtained from SD rat hippocampus and cultured in suspension and adherent differentiation media. NSCs were exposed to LF-EMF (5 m T, 50 Hz, 30 min daily), HF-EMF (maximum magnetic induction 2.5 T, 40 % MO, 50 Hz, 10 min daily) and no electromagnetic field. At 3 d, cell viability and quantity of NSCs in suspension were detected by CCK-8 assay and cell counting plate. Immunofluorescence staining and qRT-PCR were performed to detect the percentage of Tuj-1 and GFAP-positive NSCs and the expression of Tuj-1 and GFAP mRNA. The P3 NSCs were positive with Nestin and induced NSCs expressed Tuj-1, GFAP and oligodendrocyte markers (MBP). CCK-8 assay and cell counting showed that the OD value and quantity of LF-EMF group were significantly higher than those in other two groups (both P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the OD value and quantity were significantly higher in the HF-EMF group (P < 0.05). Immunofluorescence staining and qRT-PCR revealed that the percentage of Tuj-1 positive cells and the expression of Tuj-1 mRNA of NSCs exposed to LF-EMF were the highest (both P < 0.05). The proportion of GFAP- positive NSCs and the expression of GFAP mRNA did not significantly differ among three groups (all P> 0.05). Both 50 Hz LF-EMF and HF-EMF can promote the proliferation of NSCs in vitro and LF-EMF can accelerate NSCs to differentiate into neurons. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Compared with no-field control, both LF-EMF (5 mT, 50 Hz, 30 min daily) and the described HF-EMF condition (maximum magnetic induction 2.5 T, 40% MO, 50 Hz, 10 min daily) showed significantly higher NSC viability/quantity at 3 days. LF-EMF exposure produced the highest Tuj-1 positive percentage and Tuj-1 mRNA expression, while GFAP positivity and GFAP mRNA did not differ significantly among groups.

Outcomes measured

• NSC viability (CCK-8 OD value)
• NSC quantity (cell counting)
• Neuronal differentiation marker Tuj-1 (immunofluorescence % positive; mRNA expression)
• Astrocytic marker GFAP (immunofluorescence % positive; mRNA expression)
• Oligodendrocyte marker MBP (expression noted)

Limitations

• In vitro study using rat-derived NSCs; findings may not translate to in vivo or humans
• Sample size not reported in abstract
• Exposure description labels one condition as 'HF-EMF' but reports 50 Hz; frequency details for 'HF' condition are unclear from abstract
• Short follow-up (3 days)

Suggested hubs

• elf-emf (0.9)
  Study involves 50 Hz magnetic field exposure and reports effects on neural stem cell proliferation/differentiation.

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    "exposure": {
        "band": "ELF",
        "source": "transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) / magnetic field exposure (in vitro setup)",
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "LF-EMF: 30 min daily; HF-EMF: 10 min daily"
    },
    "population": "Neural stem cells (NSCs) obtained from SD rat hippocampus (in vitro)",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "NSC viability (CCK-8 OD value)",
        "NSC quantity (cell counting)",
        "Neuronal differentiation marker Tuj-1 (immunofluorescence % positive; mRNA expression)",
        "Astrocytic marker GFAP (immunofluorescence % positive; mRNA expression)",
        "Oligodendrocyte marker MBP (expression noted)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Compared with no-field control, both LF-EMF (5 mT, 50 Hz, 30 min daily) and the described HF-EMF condition (maximum magnetic induction 2.5 T, 40% MO, 50 Hz, 10 min daily) showed significantly higher NSC viability/quantity at 3 days. LF-EMF exposure produced the highest Tuj-1 positive percentage and Tuj-1 mRNA expression, while GFAP positivity and GFAP mRNA did not differ significantly among groups.",
    "effect_direction": "mixed",
    "limitations": [
        "In vitro study using rat-derived NSCs; findings may not translate to in vivo or humans",
        "Sample size not reported in abstract",
        "Exposure description labels one condition as 'HF-EMF' but reports 50 Hz; frequency details for 'HF' condition are unclear from abstract",
        "Short follow-up (3 days)"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "neural stem cells",
        "NSC proliferation",
        "differentiation",
        "50 Hz",
        "low-frequency electromagnetic field",
        "transcranial magnetic stimulation",
        "Tuj-1",
        "GFAP",
        "in vitro",
        "rat hippocampus"
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