Ubiquitous extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields induces anxiety-like behavior: mechanistic

Abstract

Ubiquitous extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields induces anxiety-like behavior: mechanistic perspectives Hosseini E. Ubiquitous extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields induces anxiety-like behavior: mechanistic perspectives. Electromagn Biol Med. 2024 Jul 29:1-16. doi: 10.1080/15368378.2024.2380305. Abstract Anxiety is an adaptive condition characterized by heightened uneasiness, which in the long term can cause complications such as reducing the quality of life and problems related to the mental and physical health. Concerns have been raised regarding the potential dangers of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) ranging from 3 to 3000 Hz, which are omnipresent in our daily lives and there have been studies about the anxiogenic effects of these fields. Studies conducted in this specific area has revealed that ELF-EMF can have an impact on various brain regions, such as the hippocampus. In conclusion, studies have shown that ELF-EMF can interfere with hippocampus-prefrontal cortex pathway, inducing anxiety behavior. Also, ELF-EMF may initiate anxiety behavior by generating oxidative stress in hypothalamus and hippocampus. Moreover, ELF-EMF may induce anxiety behavior by reducing hippocampus neuroplasticity and increasing the NMDA2A receptor expression in the hippocampus. Furthermore, supplementation with antioxidants could serve as an effective protective measure against the adverse effects of ELF-EMF in relation to anxiety behavior. Conclusion In the present study, it was found out that: 1. ELF-EMF by creating oxidative stress in different regions of brain involved in anxiety behavior, results in an increase of stress hormones and also excitability subsequently. 2. ELF-EMF by decreasing in neuroplasticity and modulation of some receptors in the hippocampus may have a key role in initiating anxiety behavior. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

The review summarizes studies suggesting ELF-EMF (3–3000 Hz) may induce anxiety-like behavior, potentially via interference with the hippocampus–prefrontal cortex pathway, oxidative stress in hypothalamus/hippocampus, reduced hippocampal neuroplasticity, and increased hippocampal NMDA2A receptor expression. It also notes that antioxidant supplementation is described as potentially protective against adverse effects related to anxiety behavior.

Outcomes measured

• Anxiety-like behavior
• Oxidative stress (brain regions including hypothalamus and hippocampus)
• Stress hormones
• Hippocampus–prefrontal cortex pathway interference
• Hippocampal neuroplasticity
• NMDA2A receptor expression (hippocampus)

Limitations

• No specific study designs, populations, exposure metrics, or sample sizes are described in the abstract.
• Conclusions are presented as a synthesis of prior studies; the abstract does not report new primary data.

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    "study_type": "review",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "ELF",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": null
    },
    "population": null,
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Anxiety-like behavior",
        "Oxidative stress (brain regions including hypothalamus and hippocampus)",
        "Stress hormones",
        "Hippocampus–prefrontal cortex pathway interference",
        "Hippocampal neuroplasticity",
        "NMDA2A receptor expression (hippocampus)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "The review summarizes studies suggesting ELF-EMF (3–3000 Hz) may induce anxiety-like behavior, potentially via interference with the hippocampus–prefrontal cortex pathway, oxidative stress in hypothalamus/hippocampus, reduced hippocampal neuroplasticity, and increased hippocampal NMDA2A receptor expression. It also notes that antioxidant supplementation is described as potentially protective against adverse effects related to anxiety behavior.",
    "effect_direction": "harm",
    "limitations": [
        "No specific study designs, populations, exposure metrics, or sample sizes are described in the abstract.",
        "Conclusions are presented as a synthesis of prior studies; the abstract does not report new primary data."
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "insufficient",
    "confidence": 0.66000000000000003108624468950438313186168670654296875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "extremely low frequency",
        "ELF-EMF",
        "3–3000 Hz",
        "anxiety-like behavior",
        "hippocampus",
        "prefrontal cortex",
        "oxidative stress",
        "hypothalamus",
        "neuroplasticity",
        "NMDA2A receptor",
        "stress hormones",
        "antioxidants"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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