Exposure to 26.5 GHz, 5G modulated and unmodulated signal, does not affect key cellular endpoints of human neuroblastoma cells
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This in vitro study examined whether 26.5 GHz millimeter-wave exposure (continuous wave and 5G-modulated) affects key cellular endpoints in human neuroblastoma cells. Cells were exposed for 3 hours at SAR 1.25 W/kg using a reverberation-chamber system, with assessments including cell cycle and DNA damage. The study…
Transcriptional response of primary hippocampal neurons following exposure to 3.0 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2024
This in vitro study exposed rat primary hippocampal neurons to 3.0 GHz continuous-wave RF-EMF under low-SAR (minimal heating) and high-SAR (thermal) conditions and measured transcriptional responses by RNA sequencing. Twenty genes were significantly upregulated only in the high-SAR condition associated with a ~3.6°C…
Sex-dependent impact of perinatal 5G electromagnetic field exposure in the adolescent rat behavior.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This animal study examined daily perinatal 5G EMF exposure in rats at the ICNIRP whole-body public exposure limit (maternal SAR 0.07 W/kg) from gestational day 8 to post-natal day 21. The authors report a 1-day delay in incisor eruption in both sexes and sex-dependent changes in stereotyped behavior in the open field…
2.45 GHz microwave radiation induced oxidative and nitrosative stress mediated testicular apoptosis: Involvement of a p53 dependent bax-caspase-3 mediated pathway.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This animal study exposed 12-week-old male mice to 2.45 GHz continuous-wave microwave radiation (average power density 0.0248 mW/cm; whole-body SAR 0.0146 W/kg) for 2 hours/day over 15, 30, or 60 days. The authors evaluated testicular histology, testosterone, oxidative/nitrosative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes,…
Microwave radiation alters burn injury-evoked electric potential in Nicotiana benthamiana.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This plant study examined whether 2.45 GHz continuous-wave microwave exposure affects electric signaling in Nicotiana benthamiana after leaf burning. The authors report a significant reduction in the amplitude of the injury-evoked variation potential, mainly due to a reduced depolarization rate. The reported effect…
2.45 GHz Microwave Radiation Impairs Learning and Spatial Memory via Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress Induced p53-Dependent/Independent Hippocampal Apoptosis: Molecular Basis and Underlying Mechanism
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2015
This animal study exposed male Swiss mice to 2.45 GHz continuous-wave microwave radiation for 2 hours/day over 15, 30, or 60 days. The authors report increased hippocampal oxidative/nitrosative stress and increased apoptosis in neuronal and nonneuronal hippocampal subfields. They also report duration-dependent…